1697 lines
70 KiB
Python
1697 lines
70 KiB
Python
"""Entry point for the `computer_use` tool.
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Universal (any-model) desktop control across macOS, Windows, and Linux via
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cua-driver's background computer-use primitive. Replaces #4562's
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Anthropic-native `computer_20251124` approach — the schema here is standard
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OpenAI function-calling so every tool-capable model can drive it.
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Linux is the most recent runtime (X11 + Wayland, via cua-driver-rs's
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AT-SPI tree path); it is enabled here alongside macOS and Windows. When a
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host's display server or accessibility stack isn't reachable, cua-driver's
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`health_report` (surfaced by `hermes computer-use doctor`) reports the
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exact blocked check rather than the toolset silently failing.
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Return contract
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---------------
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For text-only results (wait, key, list_apps, focus_app, failures, etc.):
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JSON string.
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For captures / actions with `capture_after=True`:
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A dict wrapped as the OpenAI-style multi-part tool-message content:
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{
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"_multimodal": True,
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"content": [
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{"type": "text", "text": "<human-readable summary + SOM index>"},
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{"type": "image_url",
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"image_url": {"url": "data:image/png;base64,<b64>"}},
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],
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"text_summary": "<text used for fallback string content>",
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}
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run_agent.py's tool-message builder inspects `_multimodal` and emits a
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list-shaped `content` for OpenAI-compatible providers. The Anthropic
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adapter splices the base64 image into a `tool_result` block (see
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`agent/anthropic_adapter.py`). Every provider that supports multi-part
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tool content gets the image; text-only providers see the summary only.
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import atexit
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import base64
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import json
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import logging
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import os
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import re
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import struct
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import sys
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import threading
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from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
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from tools.computer_use.backend import (
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ActionResult,
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CaptureResult,
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ComputerUseBackend,
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UIElement,
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)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Approval & safety
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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_approval_callback = None
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def set_approval_callback(cb) -> None:
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"""Register a callback for computer_use approval prompts (used by CLI).
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Matches the terminal_tool._approval_callback pattern. The callback
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receives (action, args, summary) and returns one of:
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"approve_once" | "approve_session" | "always_approve" | "deny".
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"""
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global _approval_callback
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_approval_callback = cb
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# Actions that read, not mutate. Always allowed.
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_SAFE_ACTIONS = frozenset({
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"capture", "wait", "list_apps", "list_windows",
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})
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# Actions that mutate user-visible state. Go through approval.
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_DESTRUCTIVE_ACTIONS = frozenset({
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"click", "double_click", "right_click", "middle_click",
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"drag", "scroll", "type", "key", "set_value", "focus_app",
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})
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# Hard-blocked key combinations. Mirrored from #4562 — these are destructive
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# regardless of approval level (e.g. logout kills the session Hermes runs in).
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_BLOCKED_KEY_COMBOS = {
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frozenset({"cmd", "shift", "backspace"}), # empty trash
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frozenset({"cmd", "option", "backspace"}), # force delete
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frozenset({"cmd", "ctrl", "q"}), # lock screen
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frozenset({"cmd", "shift", "q"}), # log out
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frozenset({"cmd", "option", "shift", "q"}), # force log out
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# Windows secure/session shortcuts. The Windows driver accepts Win-key
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# combos, and Alt is canonicalized to option below, so block the
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# destructive variants before any backend sees them.
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frozenset({"win", "l"}),
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frozenset({"ctrl", "option", "delete"}),
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frozenset({"ctrl", "option", "del"}),
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frozenset({"option", "f4"}),
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}
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_KEY_ALIASES = {
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"command": "cmd", "control": "ctrl", "alt": "option", "⌘": "cmd", "⌥": "option",
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"windows": "win", "super": "win", "meta": "win",
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}
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def _canon_key_combo(keys: str) -> frozenset:
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# Split on both "+" and "-": the cua-driver backend's _parse_key_combo
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# accepts hyphen-separated combos too, so "ctrl-alt-delete" executes as
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# the real destructive shortcut. Mirror its separators here, otherwise the
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# _BLOCKED_KEY_COMBOS gate is trivially bypassed with hyphen notation.
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parts = [p.strip().lower() for p in re.split(r"\s*[+\-]\s*", keys) if p.strip()]
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parts = [_KEY_ALIASES.get(p, p) for p in parts]
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return frozenset(parts)
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# Native input actions that deliver to the backend's sticky target. `app=`
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# on these calls is NOT a targeting parameter — see the mismatch guard in
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# _dispatch. Kept in sync with the dispatch branches below.
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_INPUT_ACTIONS = frozenset({
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"click", "double_click", "right_click", "middle_click",
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"drag", "scroll", "type", "key", "set_value",
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})
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def _input_target_mismatch(backend, requested_app: str) -> Optional[str]:
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"""Current sticky-target app when it clearly differs from *requested_app*.
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Returns the CURRENT target's app name only for a provable mismatch:
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both names known and neither a substring of the other (list_windows
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app names are localized/variant — 'Google-chrome' vs 'chrome'). An
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unknown current target returns None (fail open: legacy flows that
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never pass app= on input keep working; wrong-window delivery there is
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caught by the verify ladder instead).
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"""
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current = (getattr(backend, "_last_app", None) or "").strip().lower()
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wanted = requested_app.strip().lower()
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if not current or not wanted:
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return None
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if wanted in current or current in wanted:
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return None
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return getattr(backend, "_last_app", None)
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# Dangerous text patterns for the `type` action. Same list as #4562.
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_BLOCKED_TYPE_PATTERNS = [
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re.compile(r"curl\s+[^|]*\|\s*bash", re.IGNORECASE),
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re.compile(r"curl\s+[^|]*\|\s*sh", re.IGNORECASE),
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re.compile(r"wget\s+[^|]*\|\s*bash", re.IGNORECASE),
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re.compile(r"\bsudo\s+rm\s+-[rf]", re.IGNORECASE),
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re.compile(r"\brm\s+-rf\s+/\s*$", re.IGNORECASE),
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re.compile(r":\s*\(\)\s*\{\s*:\|:\s*&\s*\}", re.IGNORECASE), # fork bomb
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]
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def _is_blocked_type(text: str) -> Optional[str]:
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for pat in _BLOCKED_TYPE_PATTERNS:
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if pat.search(text):
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return pat.pattern
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return None
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Backend selection — env-swappable for tests
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Per-Hermes-session cached backends. Each backend owns its own cua-driver
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# session, native target, typed-browser binding, refs, and grant namespace.
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_backend_lock = threading.Lock()
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# Backward-compatible empty-session injection hook used by older tests.
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# Process-scoped aux-vision routing cache: (provider, model) → bool.
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_AUX_VISION_ROUTE_CACHE: Dict[Tuple[str, str], bool] = {}
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_backend: Optional[ComputerUseBackend] = None
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_backends: Dict[str, ComputerUseBackend] = {}
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_backend_call_locks: Dict[str, threading.RLock] = {}
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_backend_permission_modes: Dict[str, str] = {}
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# Approval state, scoped per conversation/run (keyed by session_id) so a
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# gateway serving concurrent sessions can't leak one run's "always approve"
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# unlock into another. Falls back to a shared "" bucket for callers that
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# don't pass a session_id (e.g. the classic single-run CLI). Values:
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# _session_auto_approve[sid] -> bool ("always_approve everything")
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# _always_allow[sid] -> set of (action, delivery_mode) scope keys
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# See NousResearch/hermes-agent#67052 gap 4.
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_approval_lock = threading.Lock()
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_session_auto_approve: Dict[str, bool] = {}
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_always_allow: Dict[str, set] = {}
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# Sessions already told that their approval bypass widened the driver mode.
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# The resolver runs per dispatch, so without this the warning would repeat on
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# every single tool call.
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_escalation_warned: set = set()
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def _warn_bypass_escalation(session_id: str) -> None:
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"""Say out loud that an approval bypass just widened the driver's mode.
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``-z`` / ``--yolo`` read as "don't prompt me", but they also swap the
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driver onto a private ``unrestricted`` daemon, dropping the ceiling the
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configured mode would have applied. That is deliberate (see
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``_cua_permission_mode``) and ``unrestricted`` is reachable no other way
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— it is intentionally not a config value, so a stale config line cannot
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silently bypass approvals. But it is easy to trigger without meaning to:
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a script gets ``-z`` for quiet output and loses its limits as a side
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effect. So the widening is at least stated, once per session.
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"""
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key = str(session_id or "")
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with _approval_lock:
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if key in _escalation_warned:
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return
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_escalation_warned.add(key)
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try:
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from tools.computer_use.cua_backend import _cua_configured_permission_mode
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configured = _cua_configured_permission_mode()
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except Exception:
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configured = "standard"
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logger.warning(
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"computer_use: approval bypass (--yolo / -z) escalated the cua-driver "
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"permission mode from the configured '%s' to 'unrestricted' for this "
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"session. Runtime approval prompts are disabled and the driver's "
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"residual ceilings no longer apply. Drop the bypass flag to keep '%s', "
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"or declare a version-3 computer_use.capability_manifest to keep a "
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"ceiling on bypassed runs.",
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configured,
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configured,
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)
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def _cua_permission_mode(session_id: str) -> str:
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"""Map Hermes's explicit approval bypass onto Cua's immutable mode.
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Hermes has TWO session-identity namespaces: the tool-dispatch path passes
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the DB ``session_id`` (``agent.session_id``), while gateway ``/yolo``
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keys approval state off the gateway ``session_key`` (set per turn via the
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``set_current_session_key`` contextvar in tools/approval.py). CLI and TUI
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use the DB id for both. Checking ONLY ``session_id`` here would make a
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gateway ``/yolo`` toggle silently invisible to computer_use (works in
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CLI, dead on messaging platforms), so we consult both namespaces —
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bypass in either means the user explicitly opted out of approvals for
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this run. Fails closed on any resolution error.
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"""
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try:
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from tools.approval import (
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get_current_session_key,
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is_approval_bypass_active_for_session,
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)
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if is_approval_bypass_active_for_session(session_id):
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_warn_bypass_escalation(session_id)
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return "unrestricted"
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current_key = get_current_session_key(default="")
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if current_key and is_approval_bypass_active_for_session(current_key):
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_warn_bypass_escalation(session_id)
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return "unrestricted"
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except Exception:
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# Approval state must fail closed if it cannot be resolved.
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pass
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try:
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# Without YOLO, honor the configured mode (standard | bounded).
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# bounded requires computer_use.capability_manifest; the backend
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# fails loudly at session start when the manifest is missing.
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from tools.computer_use.cua_backend import _cua_configured_permission_mode
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return _cua_configured_permission_mode()
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except Exception:
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return "standard"
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def _get_backend(session_id: str = "") -> ComputerUseBackend:
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global _backend
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sid = str(session_id or "")
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while True:
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stale_backend: Optional[ComputerUseBackend] = None
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stale_lock: Optional[threading.RLock] = None
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with _backend_lock:
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# Resolve the mode while holding the cache lock. Session YOLO
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# mutation never holds the approval lock while releasing this
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# cache, so the lock order cannot cycle.
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permission_mode = _cua_permission_mode(sid)
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if sid == "" and _backend is not None and sid not in _backends:
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# Preserve the long-standing empty-session injection hook used
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# by integrations and tests while normalizing it into the
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# session-owned cache/lifecycle path.
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_backends[sid] = _backend
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_backend_call_locks[sid] = threading.RLock()
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_backend_permission_modes[sid] = permission_mode
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cached = _backends.get(sid)
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if cached is not None:
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if _backend_permission_modes.get(sid, "standard") == permission_mode:
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return cached
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# Cua's permission mode cannot change after daemon startup. A
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# /yolo toggle replaces only this session's backend.
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stale_backend = _backends.pop(sid)
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stale_lock = _backend_call_locks.pop(sid, None)
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_backend_permission_modes.pop(sid, None)
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if sid == "":
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_backend = None
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else:
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backend_name = os.environ.get(
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"HERMES_COMPUTER_USE_BACKEND", "cua"
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).lower()
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if backend_name in {"cua", "cua-driver", ""}:
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from tools.computer_use.cua_backend import CuaDriverBackend
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backend = CuaDriverBackend(permission_mode=permission_mode)
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elif backend_name == "noop": # pragma: no cover
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backend = _NoopBackend()
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else:
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raise RuntimeError(
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f"Unknown HERMES_COMPUTER_USE_BACKEND={backend_name!r}"
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)
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# Starting under the cache lock preserves the existing
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# one-backend-per-session invariant. A concurrent mode toggle
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# releases this backend before returning to its caller.
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backend.start()
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_backends[sid] = backend
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_backend_call_locks[sid] = threading.RLock()
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_backend_permission_modes[sid] = permission_mode
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if sid == "":
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_backend = backend
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return backend
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# Stop a mismatched backend outside the global cache lock. Another
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# session can continue creating or releasing its own backend, and the
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# loop re-reads the authoritative mode before installing a replacement.
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try:
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if stale_lock is not None:
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with stale_lock:
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stale_backend.stop()
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elif stale_backend is not None:
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stale_backend.stop()
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except Exception:
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pass
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def release_computer_use_session(session_id: str) -> bool:
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"""Release one session-owned computer-use backend.
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This is the production lifecycle seam for hosts and policy plugins. It
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removes the exact session backend, its call lock, and its recorded
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permission mode before stopping the backend, so new lookups cannot retain
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the stale target/ref namespace — and stops a private embedded daemon when
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Hermes YOLO selected unrestricted mode. Approval state is cleared even
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when no backend was started.
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Returns ``True`` when a backend was found and released, ``False`` when the
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session was already absent. Safe to call repeatedly.
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"""
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global _backend
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sid = str(session_id or "")
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with _backend_lock:
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backend = _backends.pop(sid, None)
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call_lock = _backend_call_locks.pop(sid, None)
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_backend_permission_modes.pop(sid, None)
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# Preserve the backward-compatible empty-session injection hook:
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# older callers/tests may populate only `_backend`.
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if sid == "" and backend is None:
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backend = _backend
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if sid == "" and _backend is backend:
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_backend = None
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with _approval_lock:
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_session_auto_approve.pop(sid, None)
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_always_allow.pop(sid, None)
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if backend is None:
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return False
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try:
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# Let an in-flight action finish before ending the driver session and
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# dropping its target/ref state. Do not hold the global cache lock
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# while waiting: unrelated Hermes sessions remain independent.
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if call_lock is not None:
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with call_lock:
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backend.stop()
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else:
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backend.stop()
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except Exception:
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logger.debug(
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"computer_use backend release failed for session %s",
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sid,
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exc_info=True,
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)
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return True
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def _shutdown_backend_atexit() -> None:
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"""Stop all cached backends so cua-driver children don't outlive us.
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Each session backend holds a long-lived ``cua-driver`` subprocess, so
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without this a driver can survive the Hermes process that spawned it
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(#28152 item 3). #69903 kept the orphan from burning a core by disabling
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the cursor overlay; the process itself still lingered.
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Mirrors ``browser_tool``'s ``atexit.register(_emergency_cleanup_all_sessions)``
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— same spawn-and-drive-a-subprocess shape. atexit only, no signal handlers:
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a ``SystemExit`` raised from a prompt_toolkit key binding corrupts its
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coroutine state and makes the process unkillable. Never raises, since an
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exception escaping atexit prints a traceback on every exit.
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"""
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global _backend
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# Drop the global lock before stop() — teardown budgets 5s and shouldn't
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# block an unrelated caller waiting to spawn.
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with _backend_lock:
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unique = {
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id(backend): (backend, _backend_call_locks.get(sid))
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for sid, backend in _backends.items()
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}
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if _backend is not None:
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unique.setdefault(
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id(_backend),
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(_backend, _backend_call_locks.get("")),
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)
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_backend = None
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_backends.clear()
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_backend_call_locks.clear()
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_backend_permission_modes.clear()
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with _approval_lock:
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_session_auto_approve.clear()
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_always_allow.clear()
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_escalation_warned.clear()
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for backend, call_lock in unique.values():
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try:
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if call_lock is not None:
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with call_lock:
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backend.stop()
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else:
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backend.stop()
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except Exception as e:
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logger.debug("cua-driver atexit teardown failed: %s", e)
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|
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atexit.register(_shutdown_backend_atexit)
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|
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def reset_backend_for_tests() -> None: # pragma: no cover
|
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"""Test helper — tear down the cached backend and per-session state."""
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_shutdown_backend_atexit()
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_AUX_VISION_ROUTE_CACHE.clear()
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|
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class _NoopBackend(ComputerUseBackend): # pragma: no cover
|
|
"""Test/CI stub. Records calls; returns trivial results."""
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|
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def __init__(self) -> None:
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self.calls: List[Tuple[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = []
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self._started = False
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|
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def start(self) -> None: self._started = True
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def stop(self) -> None: self._started = False
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def is_available(self) -> bool: return True
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|
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def capture(
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self,
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mode: str = "som",
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app: Optional[str] = None,
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pid: Optional[int] = None,
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window_id: Optional[int] = None,
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) -> CaptureResult:
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self.calls.append((
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"capture",
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{"mode": mode, "app": app, "pid": pid, "window_id": window_id},
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))
|
|
return CaptureResult(mode=mode, width=1024, height=768, png_b64=None,
|
|
elements=[], app=app or "", window_title="")
|
|
|
|
def click(self, **kw) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("click", kw))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="click")
|
|
|
|
def drag(self, **kw) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("drag", kw))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="drag")
|
|
|
|
def scroll(self, **kw) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("scroll", kw))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="scroll")
|
|
|
|
def type_text(self, text: str, **kw) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("type", {"text": text, **kw}))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="type")
|
|
|
|
def key(self, keys: str, **kw) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("key", {"keys": keys, **kw}))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="key")
|
|
|
|
def list_apps(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
|
|
self.calls.append(("list_apps", {}))
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
def list_windows(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
|
|
self.calls.append(("list_windows", {}))
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
def focus_app(self, app: str, raise_window: bool = False) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("focus_app", {"app": app, "raise": raise_window}))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="focus_app")
|
|
|
|
def set_value(self, value: str, element: Optional[int] = None) -> ActionResult:
|
|
self.calls.append(("set_value", {"value": value, "element": element}))
|
|
return ActionResult(ok=True, action="set_value")
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Dispatch
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
def handle_computer_use(args: Dict[str, Any], **kwargs) -> Any:
|
|
"""Main entry point — dispatched by tools.registry.
|
|
|
|
Returns either a JSON string (text-only) or a dict marked `_multimodal`
|
|
(image + summary) which run_agent.py wraps into the tool message.
|
|
"""
|
|
action = (args.get("action") or "").strip().lower()
|
|
if not action:
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": "missing `action`"})
|
|
# Per-run key for approval-state and daemon-mode isolation across
|
|
# concurrent sessions.
|
|
session_id = str(kwargs.get("session_id") or "")
|
|
|
|
# Safety: validate actions before approval prompt.
|
|
if action == "type":
|
|
text = args.get("text", "")
|
|
pat = _is_blocked_type(text)
|
|
if pat:
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": f"blocked pattern in type text: {pat!r}",
|
|
"hint": "Dangerous shell patterns cannot be typed via computer_use.",
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
if action == "key":
|
|
keys = args.get("keys", "")
|
|
combo = _canon_key_combo(keys)
|
|
for blocked in _BLOCKED_KEY_COMBOS:
|
|
if blocked.issubset(combo) and len(blocked) <= len(combo):
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": f"blocked key combo: {sorted(blocked)}",
|
|
"hint": "Destructive system shortcuts are hard-blocked.",
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
if args.get("bring_to_front") and args.get("delivery_mode") != "foreground":
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": "bring_to_front requires delivery_mode='foreground'",
|
|
"code": "bring_to_front_requires_foreground",
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
# Approval gate (destructive actions only).
|
|
if action in _DESTRUCTIVE_ACTIONS:
|
|
err = _request_approval(action, args, session_id)
|
|
if err is not None:
|
|
return err
|
|
# Persistent focus is a separate, visible side effect from the input
|
|
# itself. Keep its approval scope distinct even when the input rung has
|
|
# already been approved for this session.
|
|
if args.get("bring_to_front") or (
|
|
action == "focus_app" and args.get("raise_window")
|
|
):
|
|
err = _request_approval("bring_to_front", args, session_id)
|
|
if err is not None:
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
# Dispatch to backend.
|
|
try:
|
|
backend = _get_backend(session_id=session_id)
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": f"computer_use backend unavailable: {e}",
|
|
"hint": "If the cua-driver binary is missing, run `hermes computer-use install`. "
|
|
"If a Python dependency is missing, the error above shows the exact install command.",
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
with _backend_lock:
|
|
call_lock = _backend_call_locks.setdefault(session_id, threading.RLock())
|
|
with call_lock:
|
|
return _dispatch(backend, action, args)
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.exception("computer_use %s failed", action)
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": f"{action} failed: {e}"})
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _request_approval(action: str, args: Dict[str, Any],
|
|
session_id: str = "") -> Optional[str]:
|
|
"""Return None if approved, or a JSON error string if denied.
|
|
|
|
Approval is scoped by (action, delivery_mode) AND by session_id.
|
|
Foreground delivery is a visible focus change, so a prior background
|
|
approval — even ``approve_session`` on the same action — must NOT
|
|
silently authorize it (NousResearch/hermes-agent#67052).
|
|
``always_approve`` (the blanket "auto-approve everything" unlock) still
|
|
covers foreground, since the user explicitly opted into unattended
|
|
operation. State is keyed on session_id so concurrent runs don't leak
|
|
unlocks into one another.
|
|
"""
|
|
is_foreground = args.get("delivery_mode") == "foreground"
|
|
scope_key = (action, "foreground" if is_foreground else "background")
|
|
with _approval_lock:
|
|
if _session_auto_approve.get(session_id):
|
|
return None
|
|
if scope_key in _always_allow.get(session_id, set()):
|
|
return None
|
|
cb = _approval_callback
|
|
if cb is None:
|
|
# No CLI approval wired — default allow. Gateway approval is handled
|
|
# one layer out via the normal tool-approval infra.
|
|
return None
|
|
summary = _summarize_action(action, args)
|
|
try:
|
|
verdict = cb(action, args, summary)
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.warning("approval callback failed: %s", e)
|
|
verdict = "deny"
|
|
if verdict == "approve_once":
|
|
return None
|
|
if verdict == "approve_session" or verdict == "always_approve":
|
|
with _approval_lock:
|
|
_always_allow.setdefault(session_id, set()).add(scope_key)
|
|
if verdict == "always_approve":
|
|
_session_auto_approve[session_id] = True
|
|
return None
|
|
if verdict == "timeout":
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": (
|
|
"approval prompt timed out — the user did not respond. "
|
|
"Silence is not consent; do not retry without the user."
|
|
),
|
|
"action": action,
|
|
})
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": "denied by user", "action": action})
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _summarize_action(action: str, args: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
|
|
fg = " [FOREGROUND — briefly raises the window / changes focus]" \
|
|
if args.get("delivery_mode") == "foreground" else ""
|
|
if action in {"click", "double_click", "right_click", "middle_click"}:
|
|
if args.get("element") is not None:
|
|
return f"{action} element #{args['element']}{fg}"
|
|
coord = args.get("coordinate")
|
|
if coord:
|
|
return f"{action} at {tuple(coord)}{fg}"
|
|
return action + fg
|
|
if action == "drag":
|
|
src = args.get("from_element") or args.get("from_coordinate")
|
|
dst = args.get("to_element") or args.get("to_coordinate")
|
|
return f"drag {src} → {dst}{fg}"
|
|
if action == "scroll":
|
|
return f"scroll {args.get('direction', '?')} x{args.get('amount', 3)}{fg}"
|
|
if action == "type":
|
|
text = args.get("text", "")
|
|
return f"type {text[:60]!r}" + ("..." if len(text) > 60 else "") + fg
|
|
if action == "key":
|
|
return f"key {args.get('keys', '')!r}{fg}"
|
|
if action == "focus_app":
|
|
return f"focus {args.get('app', '')!r}" + (" (raise)" if args.get("raise_window") else "")
|
|
return action + fg
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _dispatch(backend: ComputerUseBackend, action: str, args: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
|
|
capture_after = bool(args.get("capture_after"))
|
|
|
|
if action == "capture":
|
|
mode = str(args.get("mode", "som"))
|
|
if mode not in {"som", "vision", "ax"}:
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": f"bad mode {mode!r}; use som|vision|ax"})
|
|
capture_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {"mode": mode, "app": args.get("app")}
|
|
if args.get("pid") is not None or args.get("window_id") is not None:
|
|
capture_kwargs.update({
|
|
"pid": args.get("pid"),
|
|
"window_id": args.get("window_id"),
|
|
})
|
|
cap = backend.capture(**capture_kwargs)
|
|
return _capture_response(cap)
|
|
|
|
if action == "wait":
|
|
seconds = float(args.get("seconds", 1.0))
|
|
res = backend.wait(seconds)
|
|
return _text_response(res)
|
|
|
|
if action == "list_apps":
|
|
apps = backend.list_apps()
|
|
return json.dumps({"apps": apps, "count": len(apps)})
|
|
|
|
if action == "list_windows":
|
|
windows = backend.list_windows()
|
|
return json.dumps({"windows": windows, "count": len(windows)})
|
|
|
|
if action == "focus_app":
|
|
app = args.get("app")
|
|
if not app:
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": "focus_app requires `app`"})
|
|
res = backend.focus_app(app, raise_window=bool(args.get("raise_window")))
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
# delivery_mode / bring_to_front thread through every input action so the
|
|
# model can escalate background → foreground per cua-driver's ladder.
|
|
delivery_mode = args.get("delivery_mode")
|
|
bring_to_front = bool(args.get("bring_to_front"))
|
|
|
|
# ── app= mismatch guard for input actions ──────────────────────────
|
|
# Input goes to the backend's sticky target (set by the last capture/
|
|
# focus_app). Models routinely pass app= on the input call itself —
|
|
# live QA (Aug 2026) proved `type(text=..., app="kate")` typed into
|
|
# kcalc while reporting ok:true, because the argument was silently
|
|
# dropped. Refuse the clear mismatch instead of delivering input to
|
|
# the wrong window; the fix instruction keeps the flow one call long.
|
|
if action in _INPUT_ACTIONS:
|
|
requested_app = args.get("app")
|
|
if isinstance(requested_app, str) and requested_app.strip():
|
|
mismatch = _input_target_mismatch(backend, requested_app)
|
|
if mismatch is not None:
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"ok": False,
|
|
"action": action,
|
|
"code": "input_target_mismatch",
|
|
"error": (
|
|
f"{action} would go to the current target "
|
|
f"{mismatch!r}, not {requested_app.strip()!r} — input "
|
|
"actions always hit the sticky target from the last "
|
|
f"capture/focus_app. Call capture(app={requested_app.strip()!r}) "
|
|
"or focus_app first, then retry."
|
|
),
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
if action in {"click", "double_click", "right_click", "middle_click"}:
|
|
button = args.get("button")
|
|
click_count = 1
|
|
if action == "double_click":
|
|
click_count = 2
|
|
elif action == "right_click":
|
|
button = "right"
|
|
elif action == "middle_click":
|
|
button = "middle"
|
|
else:
|
|
button = button or "left"
|
|
element = args.get("element")
|
|
coord = args.get("coordinate") or (None, None)
|
|
x, y = (coord[0], coord[1]) if coord and coord[0] is not None else (None, None)
|
|
res = backend.click(
|
|
element=element if element is not None else None,
|
|
x=x, y=y, button=button or "left", click_count=click_count,
|
|
modifiers=args.get("modifiers"),
|
|
delivery_mode=delivery_mode, bring_to_front=bring_to_front,
|
|
)
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
if action == "drag":
|
|
has_elements = args.get("from_element") is not None and args.get("to_element") is not None
|
|
has_coords = args.get("from_coordinate") and args.get("to_coordinate")
|
|
if not has_elements and not has_coords:
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": "drag requires from_coordinate/to_coordinate or from_element/to_element",
|
|
})
|
|
res = backend.drag(
|
|
from_element=args.get("from_element"),
|
|
to_element=args.get("to_element"),
|
|
from_xy=tuple(args["from_coordinate"]) if args.get("from_coordinate") else None,
|
|
to_xy=tuple(args["to_coordinate"]) if args.get("to_coordinate") else None,
|
|
button=args.get("button", "left"),
|
|
modifiers=args.get("modifiers"),
|
|
delivery_mode=delivery_mode, bring_to_front=bring_to_front,
|
|
)
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
if action == "scroll":
|
|
coord = args.get("coordinate") or (None, None)
|
|
res = backend.scroll(
|
|
direction=args.get("direction", "down"),
|
|
amount=int(args.get("amount", 3)),
|
|
element=args.get("element"),
|
|
x=coord[0] if coord and coord[0] is not None else None,
|
|
y=coord[1] if coord and coord[1] is not None else None,
|
|
modifiers=args.get("modifiers"),
|
|
delivery_mode=delivery_mode, bring_to_front=bring_to_front,
|
|
)
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
if action == "type":
|
|
res = backend.type_text(args.get("text", ""),
|
|
delivery_mode=delivery_mode, bring_to_front=bring_to_front)
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
if action == "key":
|
|
res = backend.key(args.get("keys", ""),
|
|
delivery_mode=delivery_mode, bring_to_front=bring_to_front)
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
if action == "set_value":
|
|
value = args.get("value")
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": "set_value requires `value`"})
|
|
res = backend.set_value(value=str(value), element=args.get("element"))
|
|
return _maybe_follow_capture(backend, res, capture_after)
|
|
|
|
# Do NOT alias unknown actions (we never repair bad model output), but
|
|
# name the nearest real action: live QA showed a model emitting
|
|
# "hotkey"/"press_key" and getting zero guidance from the bare error.
|
|
_suggestions = {
|
|
"hotkey": "key", "press_key": "key", "keypress": "key",
|
|
"key_combo": "key", "shortcut": "key",
|
|
"type_text": "type", "input_text": "type",
|
|
"screenshot": "capture", "get_window_state": "capture",
|
|
"left_click": "click", "mouse_click": "click",
|
|
}
|
|
hint = _suggestions.get(str(action))
|
|
if hint:
|
|
return json.dumps({
|
|
"error": (
|
|
f"unknown action {action!r} — did you mean {hint!r}? "
|
|
"See the action enum in the tool schema."
|
|
)
|
|
})
|
|
return json.dumps({"error": f"unknown action {action!r}"})
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Response shaping
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
def _classify_action_result(res: ActionResult) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
|
"""Choose the next ladder step from semantic evidence, in precedence order.
|
|
|
|
An escalation recommendation is advisory. It never overrides a confirmed
|
|
effect and it never turns an unverifiable action into permission to repeat
|
|
input. The model must first obtain fresh evidence.
|
|
"""
|
|
if res.effect == "confirmed" or res.verified is True:
|
|
return {"decision": "done"}
|
|
if res.effect == "unverifiable":
|
|
return {
|
|
"decision": "verify_fresh_state",
|
|
"hint": (
|
|
"Input was delivered but not confirmed. Re-capture and check "
|
|
"the result BEFORE any retry — do not repeat the input on an "
|
|
"escalation recommendation alone."
|
|
),
|
|
}
|
|
if res.effect == "suspected_noop" or not res.ok or res.code is not None:
|
|
decision: Dict[str, Any] = {"decision": "escalate"}
|
|
if isinstance(res.escalation, dict):
|
|
decision["recommended"] = res.escalation.get("recommended")
|
|
decision["hint"] = (
|
|
"The input likely did not land. Climb one rung following "
|
|
"`recommended`: 'px' → re-issue by coordinate; 'foreground' (or a "
|
|
"failed pixel click) → re-issue with delivery_mode='foreground' "
|
|
"(separate approval). Do not predict the rung from the app being "
|
|
"Electron/Chromium — react to this signal."
|
|
)
|
|
return decision
|
|
# Transport success without semantic proof is not proof of effect.
|
|
return {
|
|
"decision": "verify_fresh_state",
|
|
"hint": (
|
|
"Transport succeeded but the effect is unproven. Re-capture and "
|
|
"confirm before continuing."
|
|
),
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _action_payload(res: ActionResult) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
|
payload: Dict[str, Any] = {"ok": res.ok, "action": res.action}
|
|
if res.message:
|
|
payload["message"] = res.message
|
|
# Surface cua-driver's structured verdict additively so the model can
|
|
# follow the verify → escalate ladder. Only include fields the driver
|
|
# actually returned (None = old driver / not carried). ok is transport
|
|
# success; effect/escalation are the semantic verdict.
|
|
if res.verified is not None:
|
|
payload["verified"] = res.verified
|
|
if res.effect is not None:
|
|
payload["effect"] = res.effect
|
|
escalation = _enrich_escalation(res)
|
|
if escalation is not None:
|
|
payload["escalation"] = escalation
|
|
if res.path is not None:
|
|
payload["path"] = res.path
|
|
if res.degraded is not None:
|
|
payload["degraded"] = res.degraded
|
|
if res.delivery_mode is not None:
|
|
payload["delivery_mode"] = res.delivery_mode
|
|
if res.code is not None:
|
|
payload["code"] = res.code
|
|
if res.meta:
|
|
payload["meta"] = res.meta
|
|
payload["verdict"] = _classify_action_result(res)
|
|
return payload
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _text_response(res: ActionResult) -> str:
|
|
return json.dumps(_action_payload(res))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _enrich_escalation(res: ActionResult) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
|
|
"""Return the driver's escalation dict unchanged."""
|
|
return res.escalation
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Fixed cap for the AX `elements` array surfaced in a capture response. Dense
|
|
# UIs (Electron apps, Obsidian, JetBrains IDEs) can publish 500+ AX nodes,
|
|
# which would exhaust session context after a single capture. The full,
|
|
# untruncated tree is always written to an `elements_file` spill (see
|
|
# _capture_lost_detail) so nothing is lost — read_file/search_files it when the
|
|
# target isn't in the surfaced window.
|
|
_DEFAULT_MAX_ELEMENTS = 100
|
|
_MIN_PROVIDER_IMAGE_DIMENSION = 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _image_dimensions_from_b64(image_b64: str) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
|
|
"""Return (width, height) for common inline screenshot formats.
|
|
|
|
Some providers reject images below 8x8 before the model sees the tool
|
|
result. Inspecting the encoded bytes here lets computer_use fall back to
|
|
its AX/SOM text payload instead of sending an unusable placeholder.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not image_b64:
|
|
return None
|
|
try:
|
|
raw = base64.b64decode(image_b64, validate=False)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
# PNG: signature + IHDR width/height.
|
|
if raw.startswith(b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n") and len(raw) >= 24:
|
|
try:
|
|
width, height = struct.unpack(">II", raw[16:24])
|
|
return int(width), int(height)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
# JPEG: scan for SOF markers that carry dimensions.
|
|
if raw.startswith(b"\xff\xd8") and len(raw) > 4:
|
|
i = 2
|
|
while i + 9 < len(raw):
|
|
if raw[i] != 0xFF:
|
|
i += 1
|
|
continue
|
|
marker = raw[i + 1]
|
|
i += 2
|
|
while marker == 0xFF and i < len(raw):
|
|
marker = raw[i]
|
|
i += 1
|
|
if marker in {0xD8, 0xD9}:
|
|
continue
|
|
if marker == 0xDA:
|
|
break
|
|
if i + 2 > len(raw):
|
|
break
|
|
segment_len = int.from_bytes(raw[i:i + 2], "big")
|
|
if segment_len < 2 or i + segment_len > len(raw):
|
|
break
|
|
if marker in {
|
|
0xC0, 0xC1, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7,
|
|
0xC9, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0xCD, 0xCE, 0xCF,
|
|
} and segment_len >= 7:
|
|
height = int.from_bytes(raw[i + 3:i + 5], "big")
|
|
width = int.from_bytes(raw[i + 5:i + 7], "big")
|
|
return int(width), int(height)
|
|
i += segment_len
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _capture_response(cap: CaptureResult, max_elements: int = _DEFAULT_MAX_ELEMENTS) -> Any:
|
|
total_elements = len(cap.elements)
|
|
visible_elements = cap.elements[:max_elements]
|
|
truncated_elements = max(0, total_elements - len(visible_elements))
|
|
image_dimensions = _image_dimensions_from_b64(cap.png_b64 or "") if cap.png_b64 else None
|
|
response_width = image_dimensions[0] if image_dimensions else cap.width
|
|
response_height = image_dimensions[1] if image_dimensions else cap.height
|
|
bounds_note = _bounds_space_note(visible_elements, response_width, response_height)
|
|
bounds_scale = _bounds_scale(visible_elements, response_width, response_height)
|
|
if bounds_note and bounds_scale:
|
|
bounds_note += (
|
|
f"; estimated scale ~{bounds_scale}x (screenshot position x "
|
|
f"{bounds_scale} ≈ native coordinate)"
|
|
)
|
|
# When the in-context response drops detail (capped labels / capped element
|
|
# array), spill the complete tree to a cache file so the model can read or
|
|
# grep the full text on demand instead of losing it entirely.
|
|
elements_file = (
|
|
_spill_elements_to_file(cap)
|
|
if _capture_lost_detail(cap, visible_elements, truncated_elements)
|
|
else None
|
|
)
|
|
image_too_small = bool(
|
|
image_dimensions
|
|
and (
|
|
image_dimensions[0] < _MIN_PROVIDER_IMAGE_DIMENSION
|
|
or image_dimensions[1] < _MIN_PROVIDER_IMAGE_DIMENSION
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
screenshot_path = (
|
|
_persist_capture_image(cap)
|
|
if cap.png_b64 and cap.mode != "ax" and not image_too_small
|
|
else None
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Index only what's actually surfaced in the response — otherwise the
|
|
# human-readable summary references element indices the model cannot
|
|
# find in the JSON `elements` array (the surfaced window is capped at
|
|
# _DEFAULT_MAX_ELEMENTS; the full tree spills to elements_file).
|
|
element_index = _format_elements(visible_elements)
|
|
summary_lines = [
|
|
f"capture mode={cap.mode} {response_width}x{response_height}"
|
|
+ (f" app={cap.app}" if cap.app else "")
|
|
+ (f" window={cap.window_title!r}" if cap.window_title else ""),
|
|
f"{total_elements} interactable element(s):",
|
|
]
|
|
if bounds_note:
|
|
summary_lines.append(f" ({bounds_note})")
|
|
if screenshot_path:
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
f" (shareable screenshot saved to {screenshot_path})"
|
|
)
|
|
if cap.note:
|
|
summary_lines.append(f" ({cap.note})")
|
|
if elements_file:
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
f" (full element tree with untruncated labels saved to "
|
|
f"{elements_file} — read_file/search_files it if you need "
|
|
"dropped label text or elements beyond the cap)"
|
|
)
|
|
if element_index:
|
|
summary_lines.extend(element_index)
|
|
# Multimodal and AX paths both reference `summary`; build it once up-front
|
|
# so the aux-vision routing branch (which fires before either path is
|
|
# selected) has a valid value to hand to _route_capture_through_aux_vision.
|
|
# The AX path appends the "truncated to N of M" note to summary_lines
|
|
# below and rebuilds; the multimodal path keeps this version untouched.
|
|
if image_too_small:
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
f" (screenshot omitted: {image_dimensions[0]}x{image_dimensions[1]} "
|
|
f"is below the {_MIN_PROVIDER_IMAGE_DIMENSION}x{_MIN_PROVIDER_IMAGE_DIMENSION} "
|
|
"provider minimum)"
|
|
)
|
|
summary = "\n".join(summary_lines)
|
|
|
|
if cap.png_b64 and cap.mode != "ax" and not image_too_small:
|
|
# Decide whether to hand the screenshot to the auxiliary.vision
|
|
# pipeline (text-only result) or keep the multimodal envelope (main
|
|
# model handles vision natively). Issue #24015: previously the
|
|
# multimodal envelope was returned unconditionally, so non-vision
|
|
# main models tripped HTTP 404 / 400 at the provider boundary even
|
|
# when auxiliary.vision was explicitly configured to handle this.
|
|
if _should_route_through_aux_vision():
|
|
routed = _route_capture_through_aux_vision(
|
|
cap, summary,
|
|
visible_elements=visible_elements,
|
|
truncated_elements=truncated_elements,
|
|
elements_file=elements_file,
|
|
screenshot_path=screenshot_path,
|
|
)
|
|
if routed is not None:
|
|
return routed
|
|
# Aux routing was requested but failed (vision node down, aux call
|
|
# raised, empty analysis, etc.). Routing being requested means the
|
|
# main model may not be able to consume images; falling through to
|
|
# the multimodal envelope can break the capture with a provider
|
|
# error. Degrade to the AX/SOM text payload instead so element
|
|
# indices remain usable while vision is unavailable.
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
" (vision unavailable: the auxiliary vision model could not "
|
|
"be reached; screenshot omitted. Element-index actions still "
|
|
"work — drive via the element list above.)"
|
|
)
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
f" (response truncated to {len(visible_elements)} of "
|
|
f"{total_elements} elements; the full tree is in "
|
|
"elements_file — read_file/search_files it, or pass app= "
|
|
"to narrow scope)"
|
|
)
|
|
payload = {
|
|
"mode": cap.mode,
|
|
"width": response_width,
|
|
"height": response_height,
|
|
"app": cap.app,
|
|
"window_title": cap.window_title,
|
|
"elements": [_element_to_dict(e) for e in visible_elements],
|
|
"total_elements": total_elements,
|
|
"summary": "\n".join(summary_lines),
|
|
"vision_unavailable": True,
|
|
}
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
payload["truncated_elements"] = truncated_elements
|
|
if elements_file:
|
|
payload["elements_file"] = elements_file
|
|
if screenshot_path:
|
|
payload["screenshot_path"] = screenshot_path
|
|
if bounds_scale:
|
|
payload["bounds_scale"] = bounds_scale
|
|
return json.dumps(payload)
|
|
|
|
# Prefer the explicit MIME type cua-driver attaches to its image
|
|
# parts (Surface 7 of NousResearch/hermes-agent#47072 — trycua/cua#1961
|
|
# made `mimeType` part of every MCP image-part response). Fall back
|
|
# to base64-prefix sniffing for older cua-driver builds that didn't
|
|
# carry the field. JPEG base64 starts with /9j/; PNG with iVBOR.
|
|
_mime = cap.image_mime_type
|
|
if not _mime:
|
|
_b64_prefix = cap.png_b64[:8]
|
|
_mime = "image/jpeg" if _b64_prefix.startswith("/9j/") else "image/png"
|
|
# The multimodal response carries the screenshot, not the AX
|
|
# elements array, so a "response truncated to N of M elements"
|
|
# note would be inaccurate — skip it on this branch.
|
|
return {
|
|
"_multimodal": True,
|
|
"content": [
|
|
{"type": "text", "text": summary},
|
|
{"type": "image_url",
|
|
"image_url": {"url": f"data:{_mime};base64,{cap.png_b64}"}},
|
|
],
|
|
"text_summary": summary,
|
|
"meta": {"mode": cap.mode, "width": response_width, "height": response_height,
|
|
"elements": total_elements, "png_bytes": cap.png_bytes_len,
|
|
**({"screenshot_path": screenshot_path} if screenshot_path else {}),
|
|
**({"elements_file": elements_file} if elements_file else {}),
|
|
**({"bounds_scale": bounds_scale} if bounds_scale else {})},
|
|
}
|
|
# AX-only (or image-missing fallback): text path actually carries the
|
|
# `elements` array, so the truncation note applies here.
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
summary_lines.append(
|
|
f" (response truncated to {len(visible_elements)} of {total_elements} elements; "
|
|
"the full tree is in elements_file — read_file/search_files it, or pass app= to narrow scope)"
|
|
)
|
|
summary = "\n".join(summary_lines)
|
|
payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
|
|
"mode": cap.mode,
|
|
"width": response_width,
|
|
"height": response_height,
|
|
"app": cap.app,
|
|
"window_title": cap.window_title,
|
|
"elements": [_element_to_dict(e) for e in visible_elements],
|
|
"total_elements": total_elements,
|
|
"summary": summary,
|
|
}
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
payload["truncated_elements"] = truncated_elements
|
|
if elements_file:
|
|
payload["elements_file"] = elements_file
|
|
if bounds_scale:
|
|
payload["bounds_scale"] = bounds_scale
|
|
return json.dumps(payload)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# auxiliary.vision routing for captured screenshots (#24015)
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Longest image side handed to the aux vision model. Full-resolution desktop
|
|
# captures tokenize heavily and can overflow small local-model context windows;
|
|
# ~1456px keeps SOM badges legible while cutting per-capture vision latency.
|
|
_MAX_VISION_DIM = 1456
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _shrink_capture_for_vision(raw: bytes, ext: str,
|
|
max_dim: int = _MAX_VISION_DIM,
|
|
) -> tuple[bytes, Optional[str]]:
|
|
"""Downscale encoded image bytes so the longest side is <= max_dim.
|
|
|
|
Returns ``(bytes, scale_note)``. ``scale_note`` is ``None`` when the image
|
|
was returned unchanged (already fits, or Pillow unavailable/failed — no
|
|
worse than the pre-shrink behavior). When a downscale happened, the note
|
|
tells the vision model the scale factor so any coordinates it reports can
|
|
be mapped back to the real screen instead of being silently wrong.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
from io import BytesIO
|
|
from PIL import Image
|
|
img = Image.open(BytesIO(raw))
|
|
if max(img.size) <= max_dim:
|
|
return raw, None
|
|
orig_w, orig_h = img.size
|
|
img.thumbnail((max_dim, max_dim))
|
|
new_w, new_h = img.size
|
|
out = BytesIO()
|
|
img.save(out, format="JPEG" if ext == ".jpg" else "PNG")
|
|
fx = orig_w / new_w if new_w else 1.0
|
|
fy = orig_h / new_h if new_h else 1.0
|
|
if f"{fx:.2f}" == f"{fy:.2f}":
|
|
factor_clause = (
|
|
f"multiply any coordinates you report by {fx:.2f} "
|
|
f"to map back to the real screen."
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
factor_clause = (
|
|
f"multiply any x coordinates you report by {fx:.2f} and "
|
|
f"any y coordinates by {fy:.2f} to map back to the real screen."
|
|
)
|
|
scale_note = (
|
|
f"Screenshot downscaled from {orig_w}x{orig_h} to "
|
|
f"{new_w}x{new_h} for vision; {factor_clause}"
|
|
)
|
|
return out.getvalue(), scale_note
|
|
except Exception as exc:
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: vision downscale skipped: %s", exc)
|
|
return raw, None
|
|
|
|
def _should_route_through_aux_vision() -> bool:
|
|
"""Return True when ``_capture_response`` should hand the PNG to aux vision.
|
|
|
|
Reads the active main provider/model and the loaded config and asks the
|
|
routing helper. Any failure (config import, runtime override missing,
|
|
etc.) returns False so the existing multimodal envelope continues to be
|
|
returned — fail open on the routing decision so a broken config can
|
|
never silently drop the screenshot for vision-capable main models.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
from agent.auxiliary_client import _read_main_model, _read_main_provider
|
|
from hermes_cli.config import load_config
|
|
from tools.computer_use.vision_routing import (
|
|
should_route_capture_to_aux_vision,
|
|
)
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: aux-vision routing import failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return False
|
|
try:
|
|
provider = _read_main_provider() or ""
|
|
model = _read_main_model() or ""
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: aux-vision routing config read failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return False
|
|
cache_key = (str(provider), str(model))
|
|
cached = _AUX_VISION_ROUTE_CACHE.get(cache_key)
|
|
if cached is not None:
|
|
return cached
|
|
try:
|
|
cfg = load_config()
|
|
decision = bool(should_route_capture_to_aux_vision(provider, model, cfg))
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: aux-vision routing decision failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return False
|
|
_AUX_VISION_ROUTE_CACHE[cache_key] = decision
|
|
return decision
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _capture_after_mode() -> str:
|
|
"""Mode for ``capture_after`` follow-ups. Default ``som`` (screenshot)."""
|
|
try:
|
|
from hermes_cli.config import load_config
|
|
|
|
raw = ((load_config() or {}).get("computer_use") or {}).get(
|
|
"capture_after_mode", "som"
|
|
)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
return "som"
|
|
mode = str(raw or "som").strip().lower()
|
|
return mode if mode in {"som", "vision", "ax"} else "som"
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _route_capture_through_aux_vision(
|
|
cap: CaptureResult,
|
|
summary: str,
|
|
*,
|
|
visible_elements: Optional[List[UIElement]] = None,
|
|
truncated_elements: int = 0,
|
|
elements_file: Optional[str] = None,
|
|
screenshot_path: Optional[str] = None,
|
|
) -> Optional[str]:
|
|
"""Pre-analyse the captured PNG via ``vision_analyze`` and return a text result.
|
|
|
|
The captured base64 PNG is materialised to ``$HERMES_HOME/cache/vision/``
|
|
and handed to ``vision_analyze_tool`` with a generic describe prompt.
|
|
The resulting text description is merged into the existing AX/SOM
|
|
summary so the main model receives a single text payload that mentions
|
|
every interactable element AND a description of what the screenshot
|
|
looked like.
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
A JSON-encoded text response on success.
|
|
``None`` on failure (caller falls back to the multimodal envelope).
|
|
"""
|
|
if not cap.png_b64:
|
|
return None
|
|
try:
|
|
import base64 as _base64
|
|
import os as _os
|
|
import uuid as _uuid
|
|
|
|
from hermes_constants import get_hermes_dir
|
|
from model_tools import _run_async
|
|
from tools.vision_tools import vision_analyze_tool
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: aux-vision import failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
temp_image_path = None
|
|
try:
|
|
try:
|
|
raw = _base64.b64decode(cap.png_b64, validate=False)
|
|
except Exception as exc:
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: failed to decode capture base64: %s", exc)
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
# Pick an extension that matches the on-disk bytes so vision_analyze's
|
|
# MIME sniffing returns the right content-type.
|
|
# Surface 7: prefer the explicit MIME type cua-driver supplied.
|
|
_mime_for_ext = cap.image_mime_type or ""
|
|
if _mime_for_ext == "image/jpeg" or (not _mime_for_ext and cap.png_b64[:8].startswith("/9j/")):
|
|
ext = ".jpg"
|
|
else:
|
|
ext = ".png"
|
|
cache_dir = get_hermes_dir("cache/vision", "temp_vision_images")
|
|
cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
temp_image_path = cache_dir / f"computer_use_{_uuid.uuid4().hex}{ext}"
|
|
raw, scale_note = _shrink_capture_for_vision(raw, ext)
|
|
temp_image_path.write_bytes(raw)
|
|
|
|
prompt = (
|
|
"Describe what is visible in this desktop application screenshot in "
|
|
"concise but specific terms. Mention the app name and window "
|
|
"title if visible, the overall layout, any labelled buttons, "
|
|
"menus or text fields, and any prominent text content the user "
|
|
"would need to know about. Do not invent details that are not "
|
|
"actually visible.\n\n"
|
|
f"AX/SOM index for cross-reference:\n{summary}"
|
|
)
|
|
if scale_note:
|
|
prompt += f"\n\nNote: {scale_note}"
|
|
|
|
result_json = _run_async(
|
|
vision_analyze_tool(str(temp_image_path), prompt)
|
|
)
|
|
except Exception as exc:
|
|
logger.warning(
|
|
"computer_use: auxiliary.vision pre-analysis failed (%s); "
|
|
"returning to caller without aux analysis",
|
|
exc,
|
|
)
|
|
return None
|
|
finally:
|
|
if temp_image_path is not None:
|
|
try:
|
|
_os.unlink(str(temp_image_path))
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
analysis_text = ""
|
|
if isinstance(result_json, str):
|
|
try:
|
|
parsed = json.loads(result_json)
|
|
if isinstance(parsed, dict):
|
|
analysis_text = str(parsed.get("analysis") or "").strip()
|
|
except (TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
|
|
analysis_text = result_json.strip()
|
|
|
|
if not analysis_text:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
# Respect the same element cap as every other capture branch. Before this,
|
|
# the aux-vision path dumped cap.elements in full — silently bypassing
|
|
# max_elements exactly when a non-vision main model was configured, so a
|
|
# dense Electron UI (Discord, Slack, IDEs) could blow the response budget
|
|
# on this branch alone.
|
|
elements_out = cap.elements if visible_elements is None else visible_elements
|
|
payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
|
|
"mode": cap.mode,
|
|
"width": cap.width,
|
|
"height": cap.height,
|
|
"app": cap.app,
|
|
"window_title": cap.window_title,
|
|
"elements": [_element_to_dict(e) for e in elements_out],
|
|
"total_elements": len(cap.elements),
|
|
"summary": summary,
|
|
"vision_analysis": analysis_text,
|
|
"vision_analysis_routed_via": "auxiliary.vision",
|
|
}
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
payload["truncated_elements"] = truncated_elements
|
|
if elements_file:
|
|
payload["elements_file"] = elements_file
|
|
if screenshot_path:
|
|
payload["screenshot_path"] = screenshot_path
|
|
return json.dumps(payload)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _maybe_follow_capture(
|
|
backend: ComputerUseBackend, res: ActionResult, do_capture: bool,
|
|
) -> Any:
|
|
if not do_capture:
|
|
return _text_response(res)
|
|
# Skip the follow-up capture when the action itself failed: showing a
|
|
# normal-looking screenshot after a failure misleads the model into thinking
|
|
# the action succeeded. Return the error text instead.
|
|
if not res.ok:
|
|
return _text_response(res)
|
|
try:
|
|
# Preserve the exact selected window when possible. Linux may expose a
|
|
# generic app name for several unrelated windows, so app-only recapture
|
|
# can silently switch targets after a successful action.
|
|
target = getattr(backend, "_last_target", None) or {}
|
|
pid = target.get("pid")
|
|
window_id = target.get("window_id")
|
|
mode = _capture_after_mode()
|
|
if pid is not None and window_id is not None:
|
|
cap = backend.capture(mode=mode, pid=pid, window_id=window_id)
|
|
else:
|
|
cap = backend.capture(mode=mode, app=getattr(backend, "_last_app", None))
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.warning("follow-up capture failed: %s", e)
|
|
return _text_response(res)
|
|
# Combine action summary with the capture.
|
|
resp = _capture_response(cap)
|
|
if isinstance(resp, dict) and resp.get("_multimodal"):
|
|
# Keep the complete evidence/verdict contract visible when an image is
|
|
# attached; otherwise capture_after would accidentally discard the
|
|
# very signal that governs whether repeating input is allowed.
|
|
prefix = json.dumps(_action_payload(res))
|
|
resp["content"][0]["text"] = prefix + "\n\n" + resp["content"][0]["text"]
|
|
resp["text_summary"] = prefix + "\n\n" + resp["text_summary"]
|
|
resp["action_result"] = _action_payload(res)
|
|
return resp
|
|
# Fallback: action + text capture merged.
|
|
try:
|
|
data = json.loads(resp)
|
|
except (TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
|
|
data = {"capture": resp}
|
|
data.update(_action_payload(res))
|
|
return json.dumps(data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _bounds_unknown(bounds) -> bool:
|
|
"""True when the AX tree reported no real geometry for an element.
|
|
|
|
KDE/Qt apps commonly report ``[0, 0, 0, 0]`` for elements that are
|
|
perfectly clickable by index (live QA, Aug 2026: all of kcalc's radio
|
|
buttons). Serializing that as a plausible-looking rect invites a model
|
|
to derive ``coordinate=[0, 0]`` from it and click the screen corner.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return all(int(v) == 0 for v in bounds)
|
|
except (TypeError, ValueError):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _format_elements(elements: List[UIElement], max_lines: int = 40) -> List[str]:
|
|
out: List[str] = []
|
|
for e in elements[:max_lines]:
|
|
label = e.label.replace("\n", " ")[:60]
|
|
where = "@ bounds-unknown (click by element index)" if _bounds_unknown(e.bounds) else f"@ {e.bounds}"
|
|
out.append(f" #{e.index} {e.role} {label!r} {where}"
|
|
+ (f" [{e.app}]" if e.app else ""))
|
|
if len(elements) > max_lines:
|
|
out.append(f" ... +{len(elements) - max_lines} more (call capture with app= to narrow)")
|
|
return out
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Element labels come straight from the platform accessibility tree, which on
|
|
# some apps (Discord/Slack via UIA, Electron chat clients generally) exposes
|
|
# ENTIRE message bodies / document text as the accessible name of a node.
|
|
# 100 elements x multi-KB labels made single capture responses exceed 170KB —
|
|
# blowing the tool-result budget so the model never saw the elements it needed,
|
|
# and leaking full private chat text into context. The summary line has always
|
|
# truncated to 60 chars; this applies a (more generous) cap to the JSON
|
|
# `elements` array too. Labels are for identifying a control, not for reading
|
|
# page content — captures are not a text-extraction surface.
|
|
_MAX_ELEMENT_LABEL_CHARS = 120
|
|
|
|
# Keep at most this many spilled element-tree files in the cache dir. Each
|
|
# capture of a dense UI can spill; without pruning the cache grows unbounded.
|
|
_MAX_SPILL_FILES = 20
|
|
|
|
# Keep user-shareable capture files bounded independently from the gateway's
|
|
# periodic media-cache cleanup. CLI-only sessions may never start the gateway,
|
|
# and capture_after can otherwise leave an unbounded screenshot trail.
|
|
_MAX_CAPTURE_FILES = 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _persist_capture_image(cap: CaptureResult) -> Optional[str]:
|
|
"""Save a capture in Hermes' media cache and return its absolute path.
|
|
|
|
Captures are normally embedded only in the model's tool context. Persisting
|
|
a bounded copy gives attachment-capable surfaces a real file to deliver
|
|
when the user explicitly asks for the screenshot. This is best-effort: an
|
|
unwritable cache must never break computer control.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not cap.png_b64:
|
|
return None
|
|
try:
|
|
import uuid as _uuid
|
|
|
|
from hermes_constants import get_hermes_dir
|
|
|
|
raw = base64.b64decode(cap.png_b64, validate=False)
|
|
mime = str(cap.image_mime_type or "").lower()
|
|
ext = ".jpg" if mime == "image/jpeg" or (
|
|
not mime and cap.png_b64[:8].startswith("/9j/")
|
|
) else ".png"
|
|
|
|
cache_dir = get_hermes_dir("cache/images", "image_cache")
|
|
cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
try:
|
|
captures = sorted(
|
|
cache_dir.glob("computer_use_*.*"),
|
|
key=lambda path: path.stat().st_mtime,
|
|
)
|
|
keep_before_write = max(0, _MAX_CAPTURE_FILES - 1)
|
|
for stale in captures[: max(0, len(captures) - keep_before_write)]:
|
|
stale.unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
path = cache_dir / f"computer_use_{_uuid.uuid4().hex}{ext}"
|
|
path.write_bytes(raw)
|
|
return str(path)
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: screenshot persistence failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _spill_elements_to_file(cap: CaptureResult) -> Optional[str]:
|
|
"""Write the FULL element tree (untruncated labels) to a cache file.
|
|
|
|
The in-context response caps labels at ``_MAX_ELEMENT_LABEL_CHARS`` and
|
|
the array at ``max_elements`` to protect the tool-result budget, but the
|
|
dropped text is sometimes exactly what the task needs (reading a chat
|
|
transcript or document text exposed through the AX tree). Spilling the
|
|
complete tree to disk gives the model an escape hatch — read_file /
|
|
search_files against the returned path — without paying the full tree
|
|
into context on every capture.
|
|
|
|
Returns the absolute path, or None on any failure (spilling is an
|
|
enhancement; a capture must never fail because the cache dir is
|
|
unwritable).
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
import uuid as _uuid
|
|
|
|
from hermes_constants import get_hermes_dir
|
|
|
|
cache_dir = get_hermes_dir("cache/computer_use", "computer_use_cache")
|
|
cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
# Prune oldest spills beyond the cap (best-effort).
|
|
try:
|
|
spills = sorted(
|
|
cache_dir.glob("elements_*.json"),
|
|
key=lambda p: p.stat().st_mtime,
|
|
)
|
|
for stale in spills[: max(0, len(spills) - (_MAX_SPILL_FILES - 1))]:
|
|
stale.unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
pass
|
|
path = cache_dir / f"elements_{_uuid.uuid4().hex}.json"
|
|
payload = {
|
|
"app": cap.app,
|
|
"window_title": cap.window_title,
|
|
"total_elements": len(cap.elements),
|
|
"elements": [
|
|
{
|
|
"index": e.index,
|
|
"role": e.role,
|
|
"label": e.label, # full, untruncated
|
|
"bounds": list(e.bounds),
|
|
"app": e.app,
|
|
}
|
|
for e in cap.elements
|
|
],
|
|
}
|
|
path.write_text(
|
|
json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False, indent=1),
|
|
encoding="utf-8",
|
|
)
|
|
return str(path)
|
|
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive
|
|
logger.debug("computer_use: element spill failed: %s", exc)
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _capture_lost_detail(
|
|
cap: CaptureResult, visible_elements: List[UIElement], truncated_elements: int,
|
|
) -> bool:
|
|
"""True when the in-context response drops information the full tree has."""
|
|
if truncated_elements:
|
|
return True
|
|
return any(
|
|
len(e.label) > _MAX_ELEMENT_LABEL_CHARS for e in visible_elements
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _bounds_scale(
|
|
elements: List[UIElement], image_width: int, image_height: int,
|
|
) -> Optional[float]:
|
|
"""Estimated native-bounds → screenshot-pixel scale factor, or None.
|
|
|
|
Only meaningful when the two spaces diverge (same condition as
|
|
``_bounds_space_note``). Uses the larger of the two axis ratios so the
|
|
estimate is driven by the axis with real extent data. Rounded to 2
|
|
decimals — this is a heuristic for mapping screenshot positions to
|
|
native coordinates, not display-metrics ground truth.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not elements or image_width <= 0 or image_height <= 0:
|
|
return None
|
|
max_x = 0
|
|
max_y = 0
|
|
for e in elements:
|
|
try:
|
|
x, y, w, h = e.bounds
|
|
except (TypeError, ValueError):
|
|
continue
|
|
max_x = max(max_x, int(x) + int(w))
|
|
max_y = max(max_y, int(y) + int(h))
|
|
if max_x <= image_width * 1.05 and max_y <= image_height * 1.05:
|
|
return None
|
|
return round(max(max_x / image_width, max_y / image_height), 2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _bounds_space_note(
|
|
elements: List[UIElement], image_width: int, image_height: int,
|
|
) -> Optional[str]:
|
|
"""Warn when element bounds live in a different coordinate space.
|
|
|
|
On HiDPI/scaled displays (common on Windows + macOS retina), cua-driver
|
|
reports AX element bounds in native desktop coordinates while the
|
|
screenshot is captured/downscaled to a smaller pixel grid. Nothing in the
|
|
response related the two, so models reading a position off the screenshot
|
|
and clicking by coordinate= missed by the scale factor (e.g. 2.6x on a
|
|
4K display with a 1455px-wide screenshot). Element bounds are what
|
|
click(coordinate=...) expects; the note makes that explicit whenever the
|
|
two spaces visibly diverge.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not elements or image_width <= 0 or image_height <= 0:
|
|
return None
|
|
max_x = 0
|
|
max_y = 0
|
|
for e in elements:
|
|
try:
|
|
x, y, w, h = e.bounds
|
|
except (TypeError, ValueError):
|
|
continue
|
|
max_x = max(max_x, int(x) + int(w))
|
|
max_y = max(max_y, int(y) + int(h))
|
|
if max_x <= 0 and max_y <= 0:
|
|
return None
|
|
# 5% slack: window chrome can hang a few px past the captured frame
|
|
# without implying a different coordinate space.
|
|
if max_x <= image_width * 1.05 and max_y <= image_height * 1.05:
|
|
return None
|
|
return (
|
|
f"element bounds are in native desktop coordinates (extend to "
|
|
f"~{max_x}x{max_y}), NOT screenshot pixels ({image_width}x"
|
|
f"{image_height}). coordinate= clicks expect the native space — "
|
|
"derive click points from element bounds, or scale screenshot "
|
|
"positions up accordingly"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _element_to_dict(e: UIElement) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
|
label = e.label
|
|
truncated = len(label) > _MAX_ELEMENT_LABEL_CHARS
|
|
if truncated:
|
|
label = label[:_MAX_ELEMENT_LABEL_CHARS]
|
|
out: Dict[str, Any] = {
|
|
"index": e.index,
|
|
"role": e.role,
|
|
"label": label,
|
|
# A zero rect is "geometry unknown", not a position — null it so no
|
|
# coordinate= is ever derived from it. The element index still works.
|
|
"bounds": None if _bounds_unknown(e.bounds) else list(e.bounds),
|
|
"app": e.app,
|
|
}
|
|
if truncated:
|
|
out["label_truncated"] = True
|
|
return out
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Availability check (used by the tool registry check_fn)
|
|
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
def check_computer_use_requirements() -> bool:
|
|
"""Return True iff computer_use can run on this host.
|
|
|
|
Conditions: macOS, Windows, or Linux + cua-driver binary installed (or
|
|
override via env). cua-driver runs on all three; the Linux path is
|
|
headed/X11 today (Wayland via XWayland), pure-Wayland progress tracked
|
|
upstream. Linux users see specific blocked checks via
|
|
`hermes computer-use doctor` if their session is incomplete (e.g. no
|
|
DISPLAY set).
|
|
"""
|
|
if sys.platform not in ("darwin", "win32", "linux"):
|
|
return False
|
|
from tools.computer_use.cua_backend import cua_driver_binary_available
|
|
return cua_driver_binary_available()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_computer_use_schema() -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
|
from tools.computer_use.schema import COMPUTER_USE_SCHEMA
|
|
return COMPUTER_USE_SCHEMA
|