Expand AITURK Turkish settings and desktop surfaces for beta 5

2026-09-06 05:03:32 +03:00
parent 237d1e2060
commit 5e76f58637
108 changed files with 6675 additions and 1034 deletions
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ function MarketplaceThemeResults({

  const header = (
    <p className="mb-2 mt-4 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] font-medium text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-      From the VS Code Marketplace
+      {t.settings.runtime.marketplaceThemes}
    </p>
  )

@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ export function AppearanceSettings() {
                  <input
                    className="w-full rounded-lg border border-(--ui-stroke-tertiary) bg-(--ui-bg-quinary) px-3 py-1.5 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] outline-none placeholder:text-(--ui-text-tertiary) focus:border-(--ui-stroke-secondary)"
                    onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
-                    placeholder="Search your themes or the VS Code Marketplace…"
+                    placeholder={t.settings.runtime.themeSearch}
                    spellCheck={false}
                    value={query}
                  />
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ export function AppearanceSettings() {
                  {filteredThemes.length === 0 ? (
                    needle ? (
                      <p className="text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-                        No installed themes match "{query.trim()}".
+                        {t.settings.runtime.noMatchingThemes(query.trim())}
                      </p>
                    ) : null
                  ) : (
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { RowValue } from './account-row-value'
 import type { BillingRefusal } from './api'
 import { useBillingApi } from './api'
 import { initialAutoReloadAmount, validateAutoReloadInputs } from './billing-amounts'
+import { useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { BillingRefusalInline } from './inline-feedback'
 import type { BillingAutoReload, BillingStateResponse } from './types'
 import type { BillingAccountRowView } from './use-billing-state'
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
  bounds: Pick<BillingStateResponse, 'max_usd' | 'min_usd'>
  row: BillingAccountRowView
 }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const api = useBillingApi()
  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
  const [confirmDisable, setConfirmDisable] = useState(false)
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
    initialAutoReloadAmount(autoReload.threshold_usd, autoReload.threshold_display)
  )

-  const validation = validateAutoReloadInputs(threshold, reloadTo, bounds)
+  const validation = validateAutoReloadInputs(threshold, reloadTo, bounds, copy)
  const busy = saving
  const maxBound = bounds.max_usd ?? undefined
  const minBound = bounds.min_usd ?? undefined
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
    }

    await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['billing', 'state'] })
-    setMessage({ kind: 'success', text: 'Auto-refill updated.' })
+    setMessage({ kind: 'success', text: copy.refillUpdated })
    setEditing(false)
  }

@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
    }

    await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['billing', 'state'] })
-    setMessage({ kind: 'success', text: 'Auto-refill turned off.' })
+    setMessage({ kind: 'success', text: copy.refillOff })
    setEditing(false)
  }

@@ -178,9 +181,9 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
            <div aria-hidden={!editing} className={cn('space-y-2 [grid-area:stack]', !editing && 'invisible')}>
              <div className="grid gap-2 @2xl:grid-cols-2">
                <label className="min-w-0 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-                  Threshold
+                  {copy.threshold}
                  <Input
-                    aria-label="Auto-refill threshold"
+                    aria-label={copy.refillThreshold}
                    className="mt-1 py-[3px]"
                    disabled={busy || !editing}
                    inputMode="decimal"
@@ -195,9 +198,9 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
                  />
                </label>
                <label className="min-w-0 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-                  Reload to
+                  {copy.reloadTo}
                  <Input
-                    aria-label="Auto-refill reload-to amount"
+                    aria-label={copy.refillAmount}
                    className="mt-1 py-[3px]"
                    disabled={busy || !editing}
                    inputMode="decimal"
@@ -218,9 +221,9 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
              </div>
              {confirmDisable ? (
                <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-                  <span>Turn off auto-refill?</span>
+                  <span>{copy.turnOffQuestion}</span>
                  <Button disabled={busy} onClick={() => void disable()} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-                    Turn off
+                    {copy.turnOff}
                  </Button>
                  <Button
                    disabled={busy}
@@ -229,7 +232,7 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
                    type="button"
                    variant="ghost"
                  >
-                    Cancel
+                    {copy.cancel}
                  </Button>
                </div>
              ) : (
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
                  type="button"
                  variant="outline"
                >
-                  Disable
+                  {copy.disable}
                </Button>
              )}
              {/* Refusal stays INSIDE the reserved layer so it never pushes Usage. */}
@@ -261,15 +264,15 @@ export function AutoReloadRow({
          {editing ? (
            <>
              <Button disabled={busy || !validation.values} onClick={() => void save()} size="sm" type="button">
-                {busy ? 'Saving…' : 'Save'}
+                {busy ? copy.saving : copy.save}
              </Button>
              <Button disabled={busy} onClick={cancelEdit} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-                Cancel
+                {copy.cancel}
              </Button>
            </>
          ) : (
            <Button onClick={openEdit} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-              Manage
+              {copy.manage}
            </Button>
          )}
        </div>
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { type BillingCopy, DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY } from './copy'
 import type { BillingStateResponse } from './types'
 import { EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE } from './use-billing-state'

@@ -49,22 +50,23 @@ export function initialAutoReloadAmount(...candidates: Array<null | string | und
 export function validateAutoReloadInputs(
  thresholdRaw: string,
  reloadToRaw: string,
-  bounds: Pick<BillingStateResponse, 'max_usd' | 'min_usd'>
+  bounds: Pick<BillingStateResponse, 'max_usd' | 'min_usd'>,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): { error?: string; values?: { reloadTo: string; threshold: string } } {
-  const threshold = validateBillingAmount('Threshold', thresholdRaw, bounds)
+  const threshold = validateBillingAmount(copy.threshold, thresholdRaw, bounds, copy)

  if (threshold.error || threshold.amount == null) {
    return { error: threshold.error }
  }

-  const reloadTo = validateBillingAmount('Reload-to', reloadToRaw, bounds)
+  const reloadTo = validateBillingAmount(copy.reloadLabel, reloadToRaw, bounds, copy)

  if (reloadTo.error || reloadTo.amount == null) {
    return { error: reloadTo.error }
  }

  if (reloadTo.amount <= threshold.amount) {
-    return { error: 'Reload-to amount must be greater than the threshold.' }
+    return { error: copy.reloadGreater }
  }

  return {
@@ -78,30 +80,31 @@ export function validateAutoReloadInputs(
 export function validateBillingAmount(
  label: string,
  raw: string,
-  bounds: Pick<BillingStateResponse, 'max_usd' | 'min_usd'>
+  bounds: Pick<BillingStateResponse, 'max_usd' | 'min_usd'>,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): { amount?: number; error?: string } {
  const cleaned = raw.trim().replace(/^\$/, '').trim()

  if (!cleaned || !/^\d+(\.\d{1,2})?$/.test(cleaned)) {
-    return { error: `${label}: enter a dollar amount with at most 2 decimal places.` }
+    return { error: copy.invalidAmount(label) }
  }

  const amount = Number(cleaned)

  if (!(amount > 0)) {
-    return { error: `${label}: amount must be greater than $0.` }
+    return { error: copy.positiveAmount(label) }
  }

  const min = parseAmount(bounds.min_usd)

  if (min != null && amount < min) {
-    return { error: `${label}: minimum is ${formatMoney(min)}.` }
+    return { error: copy.minAmount(label, formatMoney(min)) }
  }

  const max = parseAmount(bounds.max_usd)

  if (max != null && amount > max) {
-    return { error: `${label}: maximum is ${formatMoney(max)}.` }
+    return { error: copy.maxAmount(label, formatMoney(max)) }
  }

  return { amount }
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
+import { EN_BILLING } from '@/i18n/en-billing'
+import { TR_BILLING } from '@/i18n/tr-billing'
+
+export type BillingCopy = typeof EN_BILLING
+export const DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY: BillingCopy = EN_BILLING
+
+export function useBillingCopy(): BillingCopy {
+  const { locale } = useI18n()
+
+  return locale === 'tr' ? TR_BILLING : EN_BILLING
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import { ExternalLink } from '@/lib/icons'

+import { useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { BillingRefusalInline } from './inline-feedback'
 import { openExternal } from './open-external'
 import { TierArt } from './tier-art'
@@ -8,6 +9,8 @@ import type { BillingPlanCardView } from './use-billing-state'
 import { useResumeFlow } from './use-subscription-change'

 export function CurrentPlanCard({ onViewPlans, plan }: { onViewPlans: () => void; plan: BillingPlanCardView }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const resumeFlow = useResumeFlow()

  return (
@@ -22,7 +25,8 @@ export function CurrentPlanCard({ onViewPlans, plan }: { onViewPlans: () => void
              </span>
              {plan.price && (
                <span className="text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-                  {plan.price}/mo
+                  {plan.price}
+                  {copy.monthSuffix}
                </span>
              )}
            </div>
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ export function CurrentPlanCard({ onViewPlans, plan }: { onViewPlans: () => void
          {/* Scheduled downgrade → chargeless undo (subscription.resume), no confirm. */}
          {plan.pending && (
            <Button disabled={resumeFlow.busy} onClick={() => void resumeFlow.resume()} size="sm" type="button">
-              {resumeFlow.busy ? 'Undoing…' : 'Undo'}
+              {resumeFlow.busy ? copy.undoing : copy.undo}
            </Button>
          )}
          {plan.link && (
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { BillingRefusal } from './api'
+import { type BillingCopy, DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY } from './copy'

 export interface BillingRefusalPresentation {
  action: { type: 'none' } | { type: 'portal'; url?: string } | { type: 'retry' } | { type: 'step_up' }
@@ -8,51 +9,51 @@ export interface BillingRefusalPresentation {

 const portalAction = (url?: string): BillingRefusalPresentation['action'] => ({ type: 'portal', url })

-const retryMessage = (refusal: BillingRefusal): string => {
-  const mins = refusal.retryAfter ? ` (try again in ~${Math.max(1, Math.round(refusal.retryAfter / 60))} min)` : ''
+const retryMessage = (refusal: BillingRefusal, copy: BillingCopy): string => {
+  const mins = refusal.retryAfter ? copy.retryAfter(Math.max(1, Math.round(refusal.retryAfter / 60))) : ''

-  return `🟡 Too many charges right now${mins}. This isn't a payment failure.`
+  return copy.rateLimited(mins)
 }

-const stripeRetryMessage = (refusal: BillingRefusal): string => {
-  const mins = refusal.retryAfter ? ` (try again in ~${Math.max(1, Math.round(refusal.retryAfter / 60))} min)` : ''
+const stripeRetryMessage = (refusal: BillingRefusal, copy: BillingCopy): string => {
+  const mins = refusal.retryAfter ? copy.retryAfter(Math.max(1, Math.round(refusal.retryAfter / 60))) : ''

-  return `Stripe is having trouble — try again shortly${mins}`
+  return copy.stripeRetry(mins)
 }

-export const resolveRefusal = (refusal: BillingRefusal): BillingRefusalPresentation => {
+export const resolveRefusal = (
+  refusal: BillingRefusal,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): BillingRefusalPresentation => {
  switch (refusal.kind) {
    case 'consent_required':
      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message: 'Confirm this card for terminal charges in the portal',
-        title: 'Card confirmation needed'
+        message: copy.confirmCardMessage,
+        title: copy.confirmCardTitle
      }

    case 'insufficient_scope':
      return {
        action: { type: 'step_up' },
-        message: 'This needs Remote Spending allowed. Start a top-up to allow it, then retry.',
-        title: 'Remote Spending needs approval'
+        message: copy.spendingApprovalMessage,
+        title: copy.spendingApprovalTitle
      }
    case 'remote_spending_revoked': {
-      const who =
-        refusal.actor === 'admin'
-          ? 'An admin stopped remote spending for this terminal.'
-          : 'You stopped remote spending for this terminal.'
+      const who = refusal.actor === 'admin' ? copy.adminRevoked : copy.userRevoked

      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message: `${who} Reconnect from Settings → Gateway to re-authorize this device.`,
-        title: 'Remote spending was stopped'
+        message: copy.reauthorize(who),
+        title: copy.spendingRevoked
      }
    }

    case 'session_revoked':
      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message: 'Your session was logged out. Sign in again from Settings → Gateway.',
-        title: 'Session logged out'
+        message: copy.sessionRevokedMessage,
+        title: copy.sessionRevokedTitle
      }

    case 'cli_billing_disabled':
@@ -60,50 +61,44 @@ export const resolveRefusal = (refusal: BillingRefusal): BillingRefusalPresentat
    case 'remote_spending_disabled':
      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message:
-          "Remote spending is off for this account — a billing admin can turn it on from the portal's Hermes Agent page.",
-        title: 'Remote spending is off'
+        message: copy.spendingDisabledMessage,
+        title: copy.spendingDisabledTitle
      }

    case 'role_required':
      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message: 'Adding funds needs an org admin/owner. Ask an admin, or manage on the portal.',
-        title: 'Admin role required'
+        message: copy.adminRequiredMessage,
+        title: copy.adminRequiredTitle
      }

    case 'idempotency_conflict':
      return {
        action: { type: 'none' },
-        message: '🔴 That charge key was already used for a different amount. Start a fresh top-up.',
-        title: 'Start a fresh top-up'
+        message: copy.conflictingChargeMessage,
+        title: copy.conflictingChargeTitle
      }

    case 'no_payment_method':
      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message:
-          '💳 No saved card for terminal charges yet. Set one up on the portal ' +
-          "(one-time credit buys don't save a reusable card).",
-        title: 'No saved card'
+        message: copy.noSavedCardMessage,
+        title: copy.noSavedCard
      }

    case 'org_access_denied':
      return {
        action: { type: 'none' },
-        message: "This token isn't bound to an org you can manage",
-        title: 'Org access denied'
+        message: copy.orgDeniedMessage,
+        title: copy.orgDeniedTitle
      }
    case 'monthly_cap_exceeded': {
      const remaining = refusal.payload?.remainingUsd

      return {
        action: portalAction(refusal.portalUrl),
-        message:
-          remaining != null
-            ? `🔴 Monthly spend cap reached — $${remaining} headroom left.`
-            : '🔴 Monthly spend cap reached.',
-        title: 'Monthly spend cap reached'
+        message: remaining != null ? copy.monthlyRemaining(String(remaining)) : copy.monthlyReached,
+        title: copy.monthlyReachedTitle
      }
    }

@@ -112,52 +107,50 @@ export const resolveRefusal = (refusal: BillingRefusal): BillingRefusalPresentat
    case 'temporarily_unavailable':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
-        message: retryMessage(refusal),
-        title: 'Too many charges right now'
+        message: retryMessage(refusal, copy),
+        title: copy.rateLimitedTitle
      }

    case 'stripe_unavailable':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
-        message: stripeRetryMessage(refusal),
-        title: 'Stripe is having trouble'
+        message: stripeRetryMessage(refusal, copy),
+        title: copy.stripeTitle
      }

    case 'upgrade_cap_exceeded':
      return {
        action: { type: 'none' },
-        message: 'Daily plan-change limit reached — try again tomorrow',
-        title: 'Daily plan-change limit reached'
+        message: copy.dailyLimitMessage,
+        title: copy.dailyLimitTitle
      }

    case 'endpoint_unavailable':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
-        message:
-          refusal.message ||
-          'Billing endpoint returned a non-JSON response (it may not be available on this deployment).',
-        title: 'Billing endpoint unavailable'
+        message: refusal.message || copy.endpointMessage,
+        title: copy.endpointTitle
      }

    case 'timeout':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
-        message: refusal.message || 'Billing request timed out.',
-        title: 'Billing request timed out'
+        message: refusal.message || copy.requestTimeoutMessage,
+        title: copy.requestTimeoutTitle
      }

    case 'transport':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
-        message: refusal.message || 'Billing request failed before reaching the gateway.',
-        title: 'Billing connection failed'
+        message: refusal.message || copy.connectionFailedMessage,
+        title: copy.connectionFailedTitle
      }

    default:
      return {
        action: { type: 'none' },
-        message: refusal.message || 'Billing request failed.',
-        title: 'Billing request failed'
+        message: refusal.message || copy.requestFailedMessage,
+        title: copy.requestFailedTitle
      }
  }
 }
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render as renderUi, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import type { ReactNode } from 'react'
 import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { I18nProvider, useI18n } from '@/i18n'
+
+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from '../test-locale'
+
 import { formatMoney } from './billing-amounts'
 import {
  billingDevFixtures,
@@ -692,3 +696,38 @@ describe('BillingSettings', () => {
    expect(screen.queryByText(/Updated/)).toBeNull()
  })
 })
+
+function BillingLocaleSwitch() {
+  const { setLocale } = useI18n()
+
+  return <button onClick={() => void setLocale('tr')}>Türkçe</button>
+}
+
+it('switches loaded billing content to Turkish and preserves auto-refill request values', async () => {
+  apiMocks.updateAutoReload.mockResolvedValue({ data: { ok: true }, ok: true })
+  const client = new QueryClient({ defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } } })
+  renderUi(
+    <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
+      <BillingLocaleSwitch />
+      <MemoryRouter initialEntries={['/settings?tab=billing']}>
+        <QueryClientProvider client={client}>
+          <BillingSettings />
+        </QueryClientProvider>
+      </MemoryRouter>
+    </I18nProvider>
+  )
+  await screen.findByText('Buy credits now')
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Türkçe' }))
+  expect(await screen.findByText('Şimdi kredi satın al')).toBeTruthy()
+  expect(screen.queryByText('Buy credits now')).toBeNull()
+  expect(screen.getByText('Bakiye')).toBeTruthy()
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Yönet' }))
+  fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('spinbutton', { name: 'Otomatik yükleme eşiği' }), { target: { value: '15' } })
+  fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('spinbutton', { name: 'Otomatik yükleme tutarı' }), { target: { value: '20' } })
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Kaydet' }))
+  await waitFor(() =>
+    expect(apiMocks.updateAutoReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ enabled: true, threshold_usd: '15', reload_to_usd: '20' })
+  )
+  expect(await screen.findByText('Otomatik yükleme güncellendi.')).toBeTruthy()
+  expect(apiMocks.charge).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+})
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { RowValue } from './account-row-value'
 import { BillingApiProvider } from './api'
 import { AutoReloadRow } from './auto-reload-row'
 import { clampAmount, formatMoney } from './billing-amounts'
+import { useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { CurrentPlanCard } from './current-plan-card'
 import { type BillingDevFixtureName, billingDevFixtures } from './dev-fixtures'
 import { StepUpInlineAction } from './inline-feedback'
@@ -155,6 +156,8 @@ function AccountRow({ billing, row }: { billing?: BillingStateResponse; row: Bil
 }

 function BuyCreditsRow({ billing, row }: { billing: BillingStateResponse; row: BillingAccountRowView }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const presets = useMemo(
    () =>
      billing.charge_presets.map((amount, index) => ({
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ function BuyCreditsRow({ billing, row }: { billing: BillingStateResponse; row: B
            value={amount}
          />
          <Input
-            aria-label="Custom credit amount"
+            aria-label={copy.customCredit}
            containerClassName="w-16"
            disabled={controlsDisabled}
            inputMode="decimal"
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ function BuyCreditsRow({ billing, row }: { billing: BillingStateResponse; row: B
            value={amount}
          />
          <Button disabled={!canBuy} onClick={startBuy} size="xs" type="button" variant="secondary">
-            Buy
+            {copy.buy}
          </Button>
        </div>
      }
@@ -250,12 +253,14 @@ function BuyCreditsOutcome({
  onRetry: () => void
  outcome: ReturnType<typeof useChargeFlow>['outcome']
 }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const stepUp = useStepUpFlow()

  if (busy) {
    return (
      <div className="mt-2 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-        Processing… checking settlement
+        {copy.processing}
      </div>
    )
  }
@@ -267,7 +272,7 @@ function BuyCreditsOutcome({
  if (outcome.kind === 'success') {
    return (
      <div className="mt-2 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-        {formatMoney(outcome.amountUsd ?? amount)} added. Balance is refreshing.
+        {copy.balanceAdded(formatMoney(outcome.amountUsd ?? amount))}
      </div>
    )
  }
@@ -280,7 +285,7 @@ function BuyCreditsOutcome({
        </span>
        {outcome.portalUrl && (
          <Button onClick={() => onPortal(outcome.portalUrl)} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-            Open portal
+            {copy.portal}
            <ExternalLink className="size-3.5" />
          </Button>
        )}
@@ -297,13 +302,13 @@ function BuyCreditsOutcome({
      </span>
      {outcome.action?.type === 'retry' && (
        <Button onClick={onRetry} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Retry
+          {copy.retry}
        </Button>
      )}
      {outcome.action?.type === 'step_up' && <StepUpInlineAction flow={stepUp} />}
      {portalUrl && (
        <Button onClick={() => onPortal(portalUrl)} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Open portal
+          {copy.portal}
          <ExternalLink className="size-3.5" />
        </Button>
      )}
@@ -312,8 +317,10 @@ function BuyCreditsOutcome({
 }

 function UsageBar({ bar, fallbackLabel }: { bar?: BillingUsageRowView['bar']; fallbackLabel: string }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const resolvedBar = bar ?? {
-    label: `${fallbackLabel} usage`,
+    label: copy.usageLabel(fallbackLabel),
    state: 'neutral',
    tone: 'topup',
    value: 0
@@ -407,11 +414,13 @@ function BillingHeader({
  fixtureName?: BillingFixtureSelection
  onFixtureChange?: (value: BillingFixtureSelection) => void
 }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  return (
    <div className="mb-2.5 flex items-center justify-between gap-3 pt-2 text-[length:var(--conversation-text-font-size)] font-medium">
      <div className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
        <BarChart3 className="size-4 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
-        <span>Billing</span>
+        <span>{copy.billing}</span>
      </div>
      {import.meta.env.DEV && fixtureName && onFixtureChange ? (
        <BillingFixtureSelect onValueChange={onFixtureChange} value={fixtureName} />
@@ -455,6 +464,8 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({
  fixtureName?: BillingFixtureSelection
  onFixtureChange?: (value: BillingFixtureSelection) => void
 }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const [subView, setSubView] = useRouteEnumParam<BillingSubView>('bview', BILLING_VIEWS, 'overview')

  // Fixture mode flows through the SAME query path — the simulated api (supplied by
@@ -476,7 +487,7 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({

  const billingResult = billingState.data
  const subscriptionResult = subscriptionState.data
-  const view = deriveBillingView(billingResult, subscriptionResult)
+  const view = deriveBillingView(billingResult, subscriptionResult, copy)
  const billing = billingResult?.ok ? billingResult.data : undefined

  const { paymentRow, refillRow, topupRow } = view
@@ -515,7 +526,7 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({
      </div>

      {view.plan && (
-        <SettingsSection icon={Package} title="Plan">
+        <SettingsSection icon={Package} title={copy.plan}>
          <CurrentPlanCard onViewPlans={() => setSubView('plans')} plan={view.plan} />
        </SettingsSection>
      )}
@@ -524,7 +535,7 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({
        <SettingsSection
          aside={paymentRow ? <PaymentMethodAside row={paymentRow} /> : undefined}
          icon={CreditCard}
-          title="Payment & credits"
+          title={copy.paymentCredits}
        >
          {accountRows.map(row => (
            <AccountRow billing={billing} key={row.id} row={row} />
@@ -533,7 +544,7 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({
      )}

      {view.usageRows.length > 0 && (
-        <SettingsSection icon={BarChart3} title="Usage">
+        <SettingsSection icon={BarChart3} title={copy.usage}>
          <div className="@container">
            {view.usageRows.map(row => (
              <UsageRow key={row.id} row={row} />
@@ -544,7 +555,7 @@ function BillingSettingsContent({

      {
        // no endpoint yet — NAS capability-board gap
-        FEATURE_BILLING_INVOICES ? <SectionHeading icon={BarChart3} title="Invoices" /> : null
+        FEATURE_BILLING_INVOICES ? <SectionHeading icon={BarChart3} title={copy.invoices} /> : null
      }
    </SettingsContent>
  )
@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ import { openExternalLink } from '@/lib/external-link'
 import { ExternalLink } from '@/lib/icons'

 import type { BillingRefusal } from './api'
+import { useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { resolveRefusal } from './errors'
 import { useStepUpFlow } from './use-step-up'

 export function StepUpInlineAction({ flow }: { flow: ReturnType<typeof useStepUpFlow> }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  if (flow.verification) {
    return (
      <span className="inline-flex min-w-0 flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
        <span className="font-mono text-[0.72rem] font-semibold text-foreground">{flow.verification.code}</span>
        <Button onClick={flow.openVerification} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Open verification page
+          {copy.verificationPage}
          <ExternalLink className="size-3.5" />
        </Button>
      </span>
@@ -26,31 +29,33 @@ export function StepUpInlineAction({ flow }: { flow: ReturnType<typeof useStepUp
          {flow.message.title}: {flow.message.text}
        </span>
        <Button onClick={flow.dismiss} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Dismiss
+          {copy.dismiss}
        </Button>
      </span>
    )
  }

  if (flow.phase === 'waiting') {
-    return <span>Waiting for verification link…</span>
+    return <span>{copy.waitingVerification}</span>
  }

  return (
    <Button onClick={() => void flow.start()} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-      Verify to continue
+      {copy.verifyContinue}
    </Button>
  )
 }

 export function BillingRefusalInline({ refusal }: { refusal: BillingRefusal | null }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const stepUp = useStepUpFlow()

  if (!refusal) {
    return null
  }

-  const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal)
+  const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal, copy)
  const portalUrl = resolved.action.type === 'portal' ? resolved.action.url : undefined

  return (
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ export function BillingRefusalInline({ refusal }: { refusal: BillingRefusal | nu
      {resolved.action.type === 'step_up' && <StepUpInlineAction flow={stepUp} />}
      {portalUrl && (
        <Button onClick={() => openExternalLink(portalUrl)} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Open portal
+          {copy.portal}
          <ExternalLink className="size-3.5" />
        </Button>
      )}
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+
+import { TR_BILLING } from '@/i18n/tr-billing'
+
+import { validateAutoReloadInputs } from './billing-amounts'
+import { resolveRefusal } from './errors'
+import { okBilling, okSubscription, postTrainBillingState, postTrainSubscriptionState } from './fixtures.test-util'
+import { deriveBillingView } from './use-billing-state'
+
+describe('Turkish billing contracts', () => {
+  it('keeps routes, amount bounds and action policy unchanged across languages', () => {
+    for (const kind of [
+      'consent_required',
+      'insufficient_scope',
+      'remote_spending_revoked',
+      'session_revoked',
+      'cli_billing_disabled',
+      'remote_spending_disabled',
+      'role_required',
+      'idempotency_conflict',
+      'no_payment_method',
+      'org_access_denied',
+      'monthly_cap_exceeded',
+      'rate_limited',
+      'temporarily_unavailable',
+      'stripe_unavailable',
+      'upgrade_cap_exceeded',
+      'endpoint_unavailable',
+      'timeout',
+      'transport',
+      'unknown'
+    ]) {
+      const refusal = { kind, message: '', portalUrl: 'https://portal.nousresearch.com/billing', retryAfter: 120 }
+      const english = resolveRefusal(refusal)
+      const turkish = resolveRefusal(refusal, TR_BILLING)
+      expect(turkish.action).toEqual(english.action)
+      expect(turkish.title).not.toBe(english.title)
+      expect(turkish.message).not.toBe(english.message)
+    }
+
+    const bounds = { min_usd: '10', max_usd: '100' }
+    expect(validateAutoReloadInputs('15', '20', bounds, TR_BILLING)).toEqual(
+      validateAutoReloadInputs('15', '20', bounds)
+    )
+    expect(validateAutoReloadInputs('20', '15', bounds, TR_BILLING).error).toBe(TR_BILLING.reloadGreater)
+    expect(resolveRefusal({ kind: 'transport', message: 'upstream diagnostic' }, TR_BILLING).message).toBe(
+      'upstream diagnostic'
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('translates the derived overview without altering prices or plan identities', () => {
+    const args = [okBilling(postTrainBillingState), okSubscription(postTrainSubscriptionState)] as const
+    const english = deriveBillingView(...args)
+    const turkish = deriveBillingView(...args, TR_BILLING)
+    expect(turkish.summary[0].label).toBe('Bakiye')
+    expect(turkish.summary[0].value).toBe(english.summary[0].value)
+    expect(turkish.plan?.tierName).toBe(english.plan?.tierName)
+    expect(turkish.plan?.price).toBe(english.plan?.price)
+    expect(turkish.paymentRow?.action?.url).toBe(english.paymentRow?.action?.url)
+    expect(turkish.tiers.map(tier => [tier.tierId, tier.state, tier.priceDisplay])).toEqual(
+      english.tiers.map(tier => [tier.tierId, tier.state, tier.priceDisplay])
+    )
+  })
+})
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'

 import { Pill } from '../primitives'

+import { type BillingCopy, DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY, useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { BillingRefusalInline } from './inline-feedback'
 import { TierArt } from './tier-art'
 import { type BillingPlanTierView, formatBillingDate, formatMonthlyCreditsDelta } from './use-billing-state'
@@ -16,9 +17,13 @@ type DowngradeFlow = ReturnType<typeof useDowngradeFlow>

 // The human sentence for the panel body, derived purely from the phase. `null` while
 // a refusal is the only thing to show (BillingRefusalInline renders that separately).
-function previewMessage(phase: DowngradePhase, fallbackTierName: string): null | string {
+function previewMessage(
+  phase: DowngradePhase,
+  fallbackTierName: string,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): null | string {
  if (phase.kind === 'previewing') {
-    return 'Checking this change…'
+    return copy.checkingChange
  }

  if (phase.kind === 'previewFailed') {
@@ -27,28 +32,27 @@ function previewMessage(phase: DowngradePhase, fallbackTierName: string): null |

  const { preview } = phase
  const targetName = preview.target_tier_name ?? fallbackTierName
-  const creditsDelta = formatMonthlyCreditsDelta(preview.monthly_credits_delta)
+  const creditsDelta = formatMonthlyCreditsDelta(preview.monthly_credits_delta, copy)

  switch (preview.effect) {
    case 'blocked':
-      return preview.reason ?? 'That change cannot be made here.'
+      return preview.reason ?? copy.cannotChange

    case 'no_op':
-      return `You are already on ${targetName} — nothing to change.`
+      return copy.alreadyPlan(targetName)

    case 'scheduled':
-      return (
-        `Change to ${targetName} — takes effect ${formatBillingDate(preview.effective_at)}. No charge now; ` +
-        `you keep your current plan until then.${creditsDelta ? ` Monthly credits change: ${creditsDelta}.` : ''}`
-      )
+      return copy.scheduledChange(targetName, formatBillingDate(preview.effective_at, copy), creditsDelta)

    default:
-      return 'This change cannot be scheduled here.'
+      return copy.cannotSchedule
  }
 }

 // The in-card preview → confirm panel for a downgrade (mirrors the TUI confirm flow).
 function DowngradeConfirm({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierView }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const active = flow.active
  const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
  const open = active?.target.tierId === tier.tierId
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ function DowngradeConfirm({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPl
  const captionCn = 'text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)'
  const refusal = phase.kind === 'previewFailed' || phase.kind === 'scheduleFailed' ? phase.refusal : null
  const busy = phase.kind === 'previewing' || phase.kind === 'scheduling'
-  const message = previewMessage(phase, tier.name)
+  const message = previewMessage(phase, tier.name, copy)

  const canConfirm =
    (phase.kind === 'ready' && phase.preview.effect === 'scheduled') ||
@@ -91,19 +95,19 @@ function DowngradeConfirm({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPl
      <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
        {phase.kind === 'previewFailed' ? (
          <Button disabled={busy} onClick={flow.retryPreview} size="sm" type="button">
-            Try again
+            {copy.tryAgain}
          </Button>
        ) : canConfirm ? (
          <Button disabled={busy} onClick={() => void flow.confirm()} size="sm" type="button">
            {phase.kind === 'scheduling'
-              ? 'Scheduling…'
+              ? copy.scheduling
              : phase.kind === 'scheduleFailed'
-                ? 'Try again'
-                : 'Confirm downgrade'}
+                ? copy.tryAgain
+                : copy.confirmDowngrade}
          </Button>
        ) : null}
        <Button disabled={busy} onClick={flow.cancel} size="sm" type="button" variant="outline">
-          Cancel
+          {copy.cancel}
        </Button>
      </div>
    </div>
@@ -111,6 +115,8 @@ function DowngradeConfirm({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPl
 }

 function PlanCard({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierView }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  const isCurrent = tier.state === 'current'
  const confirming = flow.active?.target.tierId === tier.tierId
  const cardRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
@@ -143,7 +149,8 @@ function PlanCard({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierVi
            {tier.name}
          </div>
          <div className="text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-            {tier.priceDisplay}/mo
+            {tier.priceDisplay}
+            {copy.monthSuffix}
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -155,9 +162,9 @@ function PlanCard({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierVi
      )}

      <div className="mt-auto min-w-0 pt-1">
-        {isCurrent && <Pill tone="primary">Current plan</Pill>}
+        {isCurrent && <Pill tone="primary">{copy.currentPlan}</Pill>}

-        {tier.state === 'scheduled' && <Pill>Scheduled</Pill>}
+        {tier.state === 'scheduled' && <Pill>{copy.scheduled}</Pill>}

        {tier.state === 'upgrade' && (
          <Button
@@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ function PlanCard({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierVi
              type="button"
              variant="outline"
            >
-              Downgrade
+              {copy.downgrade}
            </Button>
          ))}
      </div>
@@ -192,6 +199,8 @@ function PlanCard({ flow, tier }: { flow: DowngradeFlow; tier: BillingPlanTierVi
 }

 export function BillingPlansView({ onBack, tiers }: { onBack: () => void; tiers: BillingPlanTierView[] }) {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
+
  // A scheduled downgrade lands the user back on the overview, where the plan card
  // now shows the pending state with its undo.
  const flow = useDowngradeFlow({ onScheduled: onBack })
@@ -200,7 +209,7 @@ export function BillingPlansView({ onBack, tiers }: { onBack: () => void; tiers:
    <div className="@container">
      <div className="mb-2.5 flex items-center gap-2 pt-2 text-[length:var(--conversation-text-font-size)] font-medium">
        <Button
-          aria-label="Back to billing"
+          aria-label={copy.backBilling}
          className="size-7 p-0 text-(--ui-text-tertiary)"
          disabled={flow.mutating}
          onClick={onBack}
@@ -210,7 +219,7 @@ export function BillingPlansView({ onBack, tiers }: { onBack: () => void; tiers:
        >
          <ChevronLeft className="size-4" />
        </Button>
-        <span>Plans</span>
+        <span>{copy.plans}</span>
      </div>

      {tiers.length > 0 ? (
@@ -221,7 +230,7 @@ export function BillingPlansView({ onBack, tiers }: { onBack: () => void; tiers:
        </div>
      ) : (
        <div className="rounded-xl bg-(--ui-bg-quaternary) p-4 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
-          No plans are available to change to right now.
+          {copy.noPlans}
        </div>
      )}
    </div>
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'

-import { fmtDate } from '@/lib/time'
-
 import type { BillingRefusal, BillingResult } from './api'
 import { useBillingApi } from './api'
+import { type BillingCopy, DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY } from './copy'
 import { resolveRefusal } from './errors'
 import type { BillingStateResponse, SubscriptionStateResponse, SubscriptionTierOption, UsageModelData } from './types'

@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ const BILLING_QUERY_OPTIONS = {
 } as const

 export interface BillingSummaryItemView {
-  label: 'Auto-refill' | 'Balance' | 'Plan'
+  label: string
  tone?: 'muted' | 'primary'
  value: string
 }
@@ -172,12 +171,13 @@ export function useSubscriptionState(enabled = true) {

 export function deriveBillingView(
  stateResult?: BillingResult<BillingStateResponse>,
-  subscriptionResult?: BillingResult<SubscriptionStateResponse>
+  subscriptionResult?: BillingResult<SubscriptionStateResponse>,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): BillingView {
  if (!stateResult) {
    return {
      status: 'loading',
-      summary: emptySummary(),
+      summary: emptySummary(copy),
      tiers: [],
      usageRows: []
    }
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ export function deriveBillingView(

  if (!stateResult.ok) {
    return {
-      notice: refusalNotice(stateResult.refusal),
+      notice: refusalNotice(stateResult.refusal, copy),
      status: 'refusal',
-      summary: emptySummary(),
+      summary: emptySummary(copy),
      tiers: [],
      usageRows: []
    }
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ export function deriveBillingView(
  if (!billing.logged_in || subscription?.logged_in === false) {
    return {
      notice: {
-        action: { label: 'Open portal ↗', url: billing.portal_url ?? subscription?.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_URL },
-        message: 'Run /portal in the TUI or open the Nous portal to connect your account.',
-        title: 'Connect your Nous account'
+        action: { label: copy.portalArrow, url: billing.portal_url ?? subscription?.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_URL },
+        message: copy.connectMessage,
+        title: copy.connectTitle
      },
      status: 'logged_out',
-      summary: emptySummary(),
+      summary: emptySummary(copy),
      tiers: [],
      usageRows: []
    }
@@ -216,27 +216,27 @@ export function deriveBillingView(
  const capable = plansCapable(subscription, subscriptionResult)
  // Computed once and threaded to both the card (caption + undo) and the grid
  // (Scheduled marker), so the two never disagree about what's pending.
-  const pending = pendingTransition(subscription?.current)
-  const tiers = derivePlanTiers(subscription, billing.portal_url, capable, pending)
+  const pending = pendingTransition(subscription?.current, copy)
+  const tiers = derivePlanTiers(subscription, billing.portal_url, capable, pending, copy)

  return {
-    notice: noCardNotice(billing),
-    paymentRow: paymentMethodRow(billing),
-    plan: derivePlanCard(billing, subscription, subscriptionResult, tiers, capable, pending),
-    refillRow: autoReloadRow(billing),
+    notice: noCardNotice(billing, copy),
+    paymentRow: paymentMethodRow(billing, copy),
+    plan: derivePlanCard(billing, subscription, subscriptionResult, tiers, capable, pending, copy),
+    refillRow: autoReloadRow(billing, copy),
    status: 'normal',
    summary: [
-      { label: 'Balance', value: displayBalance(billing) },
-      { label: 'Plan', value: displayPlan(subscription, billing.usage) },
+      { label: copy.balance, value: displayBalance(billing) },
+      { label: copy.plan, value: displayPlan(subscription, billing.usage, copy) },
      {
-        label: 'Auto-refill',
+        label: copy.autoRefill,
        tone: billing.auto_reload?.enabled ? 'primary' : billing.auto_reload ? 'muted' : undefined,
-        value: billing.auto_reload ? (billing.auto_reload.enabled ? 'Enabled' : 'Off') : EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE
+        value: billing.auto_reload ? (billing.auto_reload.enabled ? copy.enabled : copy.off) : EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE
      }
    ],
    tiers,
-    topupRow: buyCreditsRow(billing),
-    usageRows: deriveUsageRows(billing, subscription)
+    topupRow: buyCreditsRow(billing, copy),
+    usageRows: deriveUsageRows(billing, subscription, copy)
  }
 }

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ export function buildManageSubscriptionUrl(
  return FALLBACK_PORTAL_BILLING_URL
 }

-export function formatBillingDate(value?: null | string): string {
+export function formatBillingDate(value?: null | string, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): string {
  if (!value) {
    return EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE
  }
@@ -286,23 +286,23 @@ export function formatBillingDate(value?: null | string): string {
    return EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE
  }

-  return fmtDate.format(date)
+  return copy.formatDate(date)
 }

-function emptySummary(): BillingSummaryItemView[] {
+function emptySummary(copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): BillingSummaryItemView[] {
  return [
-    { label: 'Balance', value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE },
-    { label: 'Plan', value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE },
-    { label: 'Auto-refill', value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE }
+    { label: copy.balance, value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE },
+    { label: copy.plan, value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE },
+    { label: copy.autoRefill, value: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE }
  ]
 }

-function refusalNotice(refusal: BillingRefusal): BillingNoticeView {
-  const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal)
+function refusalNotice(refusal: BillingRefusal, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): BillingNoticeView {
+  const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal, copy)
  const portalUrl = resolved.action.type === 'portal' ? resolved.action.url : undefined

  return {
-    action: portalUrl ? { label: 'Open portal ↗', url: portalUrl } : undefined,
+    action: portalUrl ? { label: copy.portalArrow, url: portalUrl } : undefined,
    message: resolved.message,
    title: resolved.title,
    tone: 'warn'
@@ -312,15 +312,18 @@ function refusalNotice(refusal: BillingRefusal): BillingNoticeView {
 // A logged-in account with no card can't buy credits or manage auto-refill, and
 // every one of those controls disables silently — so lead the page with a single
 // warn banner that names the blocker and links straight to the fix.
-function noCardNotice(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingNoticeView | undefined {
+function noCardNotice(
+  billing: BillingStateResponse,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): BillingNoticeView | undefined {
  if (billing.card) {
    return undefined
  }

  return {
-    action: { label: 'Add card ↗', url: billing.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_BILLING_URL },
-    message: 'Buying top-up credits and auto-refill stay disabled until a card is on file. Add one on the portal.',
-    title: 'No payment method on file',
+    action: { label: copy.addCard, url: billing.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_BILLING_URL },
+    message: copy.noCardMessage,
+    title: copy.noCardTitle,
    tone: 'warn'
  }
 }
@@ -348,10 +351,13 @@ function plansCapable(

 // Monthly credits are dollars; NAS sends a bare decimal string. Never render a
 // bare number — always "$110 credits/mo" (mirrors the retired subscriptionTierChips).
-function creditsPerMonthDisplay(monthlyCredits: null | string): string | undefined {
+function creditsPerMonthDisplay(
+  monthlyCredits: null | string,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): string | undefined {
  const credits = Number((monthlyCredits ?? '').replace(/,/g, ''))

-  return Number.isFinite(credits) && credits > 0 ? `$${credits.toLocaleString('en-US')} credits/mo` : undefined
+  return Number.isFinite(credits) && credits > 0 ? copy.creditsMonthly(credits.toLocaleString('en-US')) : undefined
 }

 /**
@@ -360,14 +366,17 @@ function creditsPerMonthDisplay(monthlyCredits: null | string): string | undefin
 * ("−$88/mo"), never the raw number. Zero / absent → null so the caller hides
 * the line entirely.
 */
-export function formatMonthlyCreditsDelta(delta?: null | string): null | string {
+export function formatMonthlyCreditsDelta(
+  delta?: null | string,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): null | string {
  const amount = parseAmount(delta)

  if (amount == null || amount === 0) {
    return null
  }

-  return `${amount < 0 ? '−' : '+'}${formatMoney(Math.abs(amount))}/mo`
+  return `${amount < 0 ? '−' : '+'}${formatMoney(Math.abs(amount))}${copy.monthSuffix}`
 }

 /**
@@ -384,25 +393,26 @@ function derivePlanCard(
  subscriptionResult: BillingResult<SubscriptionStateResponse> | undefined,
  tiers: BillingPlanTierView[],
  capable: boolean,
-  pending: PendingPlanTransition | undefined
+  pending: PendingPlanTransition | undefined,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): BillingPlanCardView {
  const current = subscription?.current
-  const tierName = current?.tier_name ?? billing.usage?.plan_name ?? 'Free'
+  const tierName = current?.tier_name ?? billing.usage?.plan_name ?? copy.free
  // Price resolves against the UNFILTERED catalog so a grandfathered current tier
  // still shows its price.
  const price = findCurrentTier(subscription)?.dollars_per_month_display
-  const renewal = formatBillingDate(current?.cycle_ends_at ?? billing.usage?.renews_at)
+  const renewal = formatBillingDate(current?.cycle_ends_at ?? billing.usage?.renews_at, copy)
  const unavailable = subscriptionResult ? !subscriptionResult.ok : false

  const caption = unavailable
-    ? 'Subscription details are unavailable; opening the portal is still available.'
+    ? copy.subscriptionUnavailable
    : pending
      ? pending.kind === 'downgrade'
-        ? `Changes to ${pending.tierName} on ${pending.when}.`
-        : `Cancels on ${pending.when}.`
+        ? copy.changesPlan(pending.tierName, pending.when)
+        : copy.cancelsOn(pending.when)
      : current
-        ? `Renews ${renewal}`
-        : 'No active subscription — paid models draw down top-up credits.'
+        ? copy.renewsOn(renewal)
+        : copy.noSubscription

  // Actionable = a paid tier above (upgrade) or an in-app downgrade below the current
  // one. Ticket 11 counts downgrades (they act in-app, so they carry no `action`); a
@@ -410,14 +420,14 @@ function derivePlanCard(
  const hasActionableTier = tiers.some(tier => tier.state === 'upgrade' || tier.state === 'downgrade')

  if (capable && hasActionableTier) {
-    return { action: { label: current ? 'Change plan' : 'View plans' }, caption, pending, price, tierName }
+    return { action: { label: current ? copy.changePlan : copy.viewPlans }, caption, pending, price, tierName }
  }

  return {
    caption,
    // No in-app action → always hand off to the portal so the user isn't stranded.
    link: {
-      label: 'Adjust plan ↗',
+      label: copy.adjustPlan,
      url: buildManageSubscriptionUrl(subscription, subscription?.portal_url ?? billing.portal_url)
    },
    pending,
@@ -432,20 +442,21 @@ function derivePlanCard(
 // Precedence: a downgrade WINS if both are somehow set — it names a concrete target
 // tier, the stronger, more specific signal, and is what the grid marks.
 function pendingTransition(
-  current: null | undefined | NonNullable<SubscriptionStateResponse['current']>
+  current: null | undefined | NonNullable<SubscriptionStateResponse['current']>,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): PendingPlanTransition | undefined {
  if (current?.pending_downgrade_tier_name && current.pending_downgrade_at) {
    return {
      kind: 'downgrade',
      tierName: current.pending_downgrade_tier_name,
-      when: current.pending_downgrade_display ?? formatBillingDate(current.pending_downgrade_at)
+      when: current.pending_downgrade_display ?? formatBillingDate(current.pending_downgrade_at, copy)
    }
  }

  if (current?.cancel_at_period_end && current.cancellation_effective_at) {
    return {
      kind: 'cancellation',
-      when: current.cancellation_effective_display ?? formatBillingDate(current.cancellation_effective_at)
+      when: current.cancellation_effective_display ?? formatBillingDate(current.cancellation_effective_at, copy)
    }
  }

@@ -471,7 +482,8 @@ function derivePlanTiers(
  subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse,
  fallbackPortalUrl: null | string,
  capable: boolean,
-  pending: PendingPlanTransition | undefined
+  pending: PendingPlanTransition | undefined,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): BillingPlanTierView[] {
  if (!capable || !subscription) {
    return []
@@ -503,7 +515,7 @@ function derivePlanTiers(

  return gridTiers.map((tier): BillingPlanTierView => {
    const base: BillingPlanTierBase = {
-      creditsDisplay: creditsPerMonthDisplay(tier.monthly_credits),
+      creditsDisplay: creditsPerMonthDisplay(tier.monthly_credits, copy),
      name: tier.name,
      priceDisplay: tier.dollars_per_month_display,
      tierId: tier.tier_id
@@ -529,13 +541,16 @@ function derivePlanTiers(

    return {
      ...base,
-      action: { label: 'Choose ↗', url: buildManageSubscriptionUrl(subscription, manageBase, tier.tier_id) },
+      action: { label: copy.choose, url: buildManageSubscriptionUrl(subscription, manageBase, tier.tier_id) },
      state: 'upgrade'
    }
  })
 }

-function paymentMethodRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView {
+function paymentMethodRow(
+  billing: BillingStateResponse,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): BillingAccountRowView {
  const portalUrl = billing.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_BILLING_URL
  const card = billing.card

@@ -544,81 +559,80 @@ function paymentMethodRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView
    // it. The reason (buys/auto-refill are blocked) already leads the page as a
    // notice, so the row stays a bare call-to-action with no redundant status text.
    return {
-      action: { label: 'Add payment method', url: portalUrl },
+      action: { label: copy.addPayment, url: portalUrl },
      description: '',
      id: 'payment_method',
-      title: 'Payment method'
+      title: copy.paymentMethod
    }
  }

  return {
-    action: { label: 'Update', url: portalUrl },
-    description: 'Manage the card used for top-ups and subscription renewals.',
+    action: { label: copy.update, url: portalUrl },
+    description: copy.manageCard,
    id: 'payment_method',
-    title: 'Payment method',
-    value: `${capitalize(card.brand)} •••• ${card.last4}${provenanceSuffix(card.resolved_via)}`
+    title: copy.paymentMethod,
+    value: `${capitalize(card.brand)} •••• ${card.last4}${provenanceSuffix(card.resolved_via, copy)}`
  }
 }

-function buyCreditsRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView {
+function buyCreditsRow(billing: BillingStateResponse, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): BillingAccountRowView {
  if (!billing.card) {
    // The no-card blocker is already spelled out by the page-level warn banner
    // (noCardNotice); repeating it here — emoji and all — just clutters the row,
    // so keep the plain "what buying does" line and let the controls sit disabled.
    return {
-      action: { disabled: true, label: 'Buy' },
+      action: { disabled: true, label: copy.buy },
      chips: billing.charge_presets.map(amount => ({ disabled: true, label: formatMoney(amount) })),
-      description: 'A single charge on your card, added to your balance today.',
+      description: copy.buyDescription,
      id: 'buy_credits',
-      title: 'Buy credits now'
+      title: copy.buyCredits
    }
  }

-  const disabledReason = buyCreditsDisabledReason(billing)
+  const disabledReason = buyCreditsDisabledReason(billing, copy)

  if (disabledReason) {
    return {
      description: disabledReason,
      id: 'buy_credits',
-      title: 'Buy credits now'
+      title: copy.buyCredits
    }
  }

  return {
-    action: { disabled: true, label: 'Buy' },
+    action: { disabled: true, label: copy.buy },
    chips: billing.charge_presets.map(amount => ({ disabled: true, label: formatMoney(amount) })),
-    description: 'A single charge on your card, added to your balance today.',
+    description: copy.buyDescription,
    id: 'buy_credits',
-    title: 'Buy credits now'
+    title: copy.buyCredits
  }
 }

 // The generic first sentence shared by the off / absent / divergent states,
 // where the concrete amounts aren't the headline. The configured state overrides
 // this with the disambiguating "Charges $X … below $Y." sentence (spec §8).
-const AUTO_REFILL_GENERIC = 'Keep your balance topped up when it drops below your threshold.'

-function autoReloadRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView {
+function autoReloadRow(billing: BillingStateResponse, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): BillingAccountRowView {
  const autoReload = billing.auto_reload

  if (!autoReload) {
    return {
-      action: { disabled: true, label: 'Manage' },
-      caption: 'Manage auto-refill from the portal.',
-      description: AUTO_REFILL_GENERIC,
+      action: { disabled: true, label: copy.manage },
+      caption: copy.manageRefill,
+      description: copy.refillDescription,
      id: 'auto_reload',
      pill: { label: EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE, tone: 'muted' },
-      title: 'Refill when low'
+      title: copy.refillWhenLow
    }
  }

  if (!autoReload.enabled) {
    return {
-      caption: 'Turn on auto-refill from the portal',
-      description: AUTO_REFILL_GENERIC,
+      caption: copy.turnOnRefill,
+      description: copy.refillDescription,
      id: 'auto_reload',
-      pill: { label: 'Off', tone: 'muted' },
-      title: 'Refill when low'
+      pill: { label: copy.off, tone: 'muted' },
+      title: copy.refillWhenLow
    }
  }

@@ -626,16 +640,16 @@ function autoReloadRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView {
  // the default enabled path below — the same treatment as a canonical card.
  if (autoReload.card?.kind === 'distinct') {
    const { brand, last4 } = autoReload.card
-    const cardLabel = brand && last4 ? `${capitalize(brand)} ••${last4}` : 'a different card'
+    const cardLabel = brand && last4 ? `${capitalize(brand)} ••${last4}` : copy.anotherCard
    const portalUrl = billing.portal_url ?? FALLBACK_PORTAL_BILLING_URL

    return {
-      action: { label: 'Reconcile ↗', url: portalUrl },
-      caption: `Auto-refill charges ${cardLabel} — reconcile on the portal`,
-      description: AUTO_REFILL_GENERIC,
+      action: { label: copy.reconcile, url: portalUrl },
+      caption: copy.reconcileCard(cardLabel),
+      description: copy.refillDescription,
      id: 'auto_reload',
-      pill: { label: 'Enabled', tone: 'primary' },
-      title: 'Refill when low'
+      pill: { label: copy.enabled, tone: 'primary' },
+      title: copy.refillWhenLow
    }
  }

@@ -643,22 +657,23 @@ function autoReloadRow(billing: BillingStateResponse): BillingAccountRowView {
  const threshold = autoReload.threshold_display || formatMoney(autoReload.threshold_usd)

  return {
-    action: { label: 'Manage' },
+    action: { label: copy.manage },
    // Numbers live in the first sentence (spec §8); the swap region below carries
    // the editable fields, so no redundant caption here.
-    description: `Charges ${reloadTo} automatically when your balance falls below ${threshold}.`,
+    description: copy.chargesBelow(reloadTo, threshold),
    id: 'auto_reload',
    // The only row that edits in place — AutoReloadRow keys its swap layout off this
    // flag rather than sniffing the action label.
    manageInApp: true,
-    pill: { label: 'Enabled', tone: 'primary' },
-    title: 'Refill when low'
+    pill: { label: copy.enabled, tone: 'primary' },
+    title: copy.refillWhenLow
  }
 }

 function deriveUsageRows(
  billing: BillingStateResponse,
-  subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse
+  subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
 ): BillingUsageRowView[] {
  const rows: BillingUsageRowView[] = []
  const current = subscription?.current
@@ -671,8 +686,8 @@ function deriveUsageRows(
  const subscriptionValue =
    remaining != null && monthly != null
      ? remaining < 0
-        ? `${formatMoney(0)} of ${formatMoney(monthly)} left · ${formatMoney(Math.abs(remaining))} over`
-        : `${formatMoney(remaining)} of ${formatMoney(monthly)} left`
+        ? copy.remaining(formatMoney(0), formatMoney(monthly), formatMoney(Math.abs(remaining)))
+        : copy.remaining(formatMoney(remaining), formatMoney(monthly))
      : (usage?.subscription_remaining_display ?? usage?.plan_bar?.remaining_display ?? EMPTY_BILLING_VALUE)

  const remainingFraction = remaining != null && monthly != null && monthly > 0 ? remaining / monthly : null
@@ -681,16 +696,16 @@ function deriveUsageRows(
    bar:
      remainingFraction != null
        ? {
-            label: 'Subscription credits remaining',
+            label: copy.subscriptionRemaining,
            state: remainingFraction <= 0.1 ? 'danger' : 'ok',
            tone: 'subscription',
            track: remaining != null && remaining <= 0 ? 'danger' : undefined,
            value: clamp01(remainingFraction)
          }
        : undefined,
-    caption: `Resets ${formatBillingDate(current?.cycle_ends_at ?? usage?.renews_at)}`,
+    caption: copy.resetsOn(formatBillingDate(current?.cycle_ends_at ?? usage?.renews_at, copy)),
    id: 'subscription_credits',
-    title: 'Subscription credits',
+    title: copy.subscriptionCredits,
    value: subscriptionValue
  })

@@ -699,9 +714,9 @@ function deriveUsageRows(
  // No bar: top-ups have no denominator (the wire carries only the current
  // balance, and the pool is open-ended), so a fill fraction would be fiction.
  rows.push({
-    caption: 'Does not expire',
+    caption: copy.noExpiry,
    id: 'topup_credits',
-    title: 'Top-up credits',
+    title: copy.topupCredits,
    value: topupValue
  })

@@ -711,22 +726,22 @@ function deriveUsageRows(
    const limit = parseAmount(cap.limit_usd)
    const spent = parseAmount(cap.spent_this_month_usd) ?? 0
    const usedFraction = limit != null && limit > 0 ? spent / limit : null
-    const value = `${cap.spent_display || formatMoney(spent)} of ${cap.limit_display || formatMoney(limit)} used`
+    const value = copy.used(cap.spent_display || formatMoney(spent), cap.limit_display || formatMoney(limit))

    rows.push({
      bar:
        usedFraction != null
          ? {
-              label: 'Monthly spend cap used',
+              label: copy.capUsed,
              state: usedFraction >= 0.9 ? 'danger' : 'ok',
              tone: 'cap',
              track: usedFraction >= 1 ? 'danger' : undefined,
              value: clamp01(usedFraction)
            }
          : undefined,
-      caption: cap.is_default_ceiling ? 'Default ceiling' : 'Monthly remote spending',
+      caption: cap.is_default_ceiling ? copy.defaultCeiling : copy.monthlyRemoteSpending,
      id: 'monthly_cap',
-      title: 'Monthly spend cap',
+      title: copy.monthlyCap,
      value
    })
  }
@@ -738,7 +753,11 @@ function displayBalance(billing: BillingStateResponse): string {
  return nonEmpty(billing.balance_display) ?? formatMoney(billing.balance_usd)
 }

-function displayPlan(subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse, usage?: UsageModelData): string {
+function displayPlan(
+  subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse,
+  usage?: UsageModelData,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): string {
  const current = subscription?.current
  const tier = current?.tier_name ?? usage?.plan_name

@@ -748,7 +767,7 @@ function displayPlan(subscription: null | SubscriptionStateResponse, usage?: Usa

  const price = findCurrentTier(subscription)?.dollars_per_month_display

-  return price ? `${tier} · ${price}/mo` : tier
+  return price ? `${tier} · ${price}${copy.monthSuffix}` : tier
 }

 function topupCreditsValue(billing: BillingStateResponse, usage?: UsageModelData): string {
@@ -760,33 +779,40 @@ function topupCreditsValue(billing: BillingStateResponse, usage?: UsageModelData
  )
 }

-function buyCreditsDisabledReason(billing: BillingStateResponse): null | string {
+function buyCreditsDisabledReason(
+  billing: BillingStateResponse,
+  copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
+): null | string {
  if (!billing.is_admin) {
-    return resolveRefusal({ kind: 'role_required', message: '' }).message
+    return resolveRefusal({ kind: 'role_required', message: '' }, copy).message
  }

  if (!billing.cli_billing_enabled) {
-    return resolveRefusal({ kind: 'cli_billing_disabled', message: '', portalUrl: billing.portal_url ?? undefined })
-      .message
+    return resolveRefusal(
+      { kind: 'cli_billing_disabled', message: '', portalUrl: billing.portal_url ?? undefined },
+      copy
+    ).message
  }

  if (!billing.can_charge) {
-    return resolveRefusal({ kind: 'remote_spending_disabled', message: '', portalUrl: billing.portal_url ?? undefined })
-      .message
+    return resolveRefusal(
+      { kind: 'remote_spending_disabled', message: '', portalUrl: billing.portal_url ?? undefined },
+      copy
+    ).message
  }

  return null
 }

-function provenanceSuffix(resolvedVia?: null | string): string {
+function provenanceSuffix(resolvedVia?: null | string, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): string {
  if (!resolvedVia) {
    return ''
  }

  const labels: Record<string, string> = {
-    autoRefill: 'auto-refill card',
-    customerDefault: 'customer default',
-    subPin: 'subscription card'
+    autoRefill: copy.refillCard,
+    customerDefault: copy.customerDefault,
+    subPin: copy.subscriptionCard
  }

  return ` - ${labels[resolvedVia] ?? resolvedVia}`
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { act, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { createElement, type PropsWithChildren } from 'react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { I18nProvider } from '@/i18n'
+
 import type { BillingResult } from './api'
 import type { BillingChargeStatusResponse } from './types'

@@ -58,7 +60,11 @@ function controlledClock() {
 function wrapper({ children }: PropsWithChildren) {
  const client = new QueryClient({ defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } } })

-  return createElement(QueryClientProvider, { client }, children)
+  return createElement(I18nProvider, {
+    configClient: null,
+    initialLocale: 'en',
+    children: createElement(QueryClientProvider, { client }, children)
+  })
 }

 beforeEach(() => {
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'

 import type { BillingApi, BillingRefusal } from './api'
 import { useBillingApi } from './api'
+import { type BillingCopy, DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY, useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { resolveRefusal } from './errors'
 import type { BillingChargeStatusResponse } from './types'

@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ export interface ChargePollClock {
 }

 export interface ChargePollOptions extends ChargePollClock {
+  copy?: BillingCopy
  portalUrl?: null | string
 }

@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ export async function pollChargeSettlement(
  chargeId: string,
  opts: ChargePollOptions = {}
 ): Promise<ChargeFlowOutcome> {
+  const copy = opts.copy ?? DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY
  const sleep = opts.sleep ?? defaultSleep
  const now = opts.now ?? Date.now
  const observed: { refusal?: BillingRefusal; status?: BillingChargeStatusResponse } = {}
@@ -96,51 +99,51 @@ export async function pollChargeSettlement(
      return {
        amountUsd: settlement.status.amount_usd,
        kind: 'success',
-        message: settlement.status.amount_usd ? `$${settlement.status.amount_usd} added.` : 'Credits added.'
+        message: settlement.status.amount_usd ? copy.chargeAdded(settlement.status.amount_usd) : copy.creditsAdded
      }

    case 'failed':
      return {
        action: { type: 'retry' },
        kind: 'failure',
-        message: renderChargeFailed(settlement.status.reason),
+        message: renderChargeFailed(settlement.status.reason, copy),
        retryFreshKey: true,
-        title: 'Charge failed'
+        title: copy.chargeFailedTitle
      }
    case 'ambiguous': {
      if (settlement.status && refusalPolicy(settlement.error).ambiguousMidPoll) {
        const refusal = observed.refusal ?? refusalFromStatus(settlement.error, settlement.status)
-        const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal)
+        const resolved = resolveRefusal(refusal, copy)
        const portalUrl = resolved.action.type === 'portal' ? resolved.action.url : refusal.portalUrl

        return {
          kind: 'ambiguous',
-          message: `${resolved.message} Your last charge's outcome is unconfirmed - check your balance/history before retrying.`,
+          message: copy.unconfirmed(resolved.message),
          portalUrl: portalUrl ?? opts.portalUrl ?? undefined,
-          title: 'Charge outcome unconfirmed'
+          title: copy.unconfirmedTitle
        }
      }

      return {
        kind: 'failure',
-        message: observed.refusal?.message || 'Could not check the charge.',
+        message: observed.refusal?.message || copy.checkFailedMessage,
        retryFreshKey: true,
-        title: 'Could not check charge'
+        title: copy.checkFailedTitle
      }
    }

    case 'refused':
      return {
        kind: 'failure',
-        message: observed.refusal?.message || settlement.status.message || 'Could not check the charge.',
+        message: observed.refusal?.message || settlement.status.message || copy.checkFailedMessage,
        retryFreshKey: true,
-        title: 'Could not check charge'
+        title: copy.checkFailedTitle
      }

    case 'cancelled':

    case 'timed_out':
-      return timeoutOutcome(observed.status?.ok ? (observed.status.portal_url ?? opts.portalUrl) : opts.portalUrl)
+      return timeoutOutcome(observed.status?.ok ? (observed.status.portal_url ?? opts.portalUrl) : opts.portalUrl, copy)
  }
 }

@@ -173,6 +176,7 @@ function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
 }

 export function useChargeFlow() {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
  const api = useBillingApi()
  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
  const [phase, setPhase] = useState<ChargeFlowPhase>('idle')
@@ -206,7 +210,7 @@ export function useChargeFlow() {
      const chargeResult = await api.charge(amountUsd, idempotencyKey)

      if (!chargeResult.ok) {
-        const resolved = resolveRefusal(chargeResult.refusal)
+        const resolved = resolveRefusal(chargeResult.refusal, copy)

        const action =
          resolved.action.type === 'portal'
@@ -239,9 +243,9 @@ export function useChargeFlow() {
      if (!chargeId) {
        setOutcome({
          kind: 'failure',
-          message: 'The billing service accepted the request but did not return a charge id.',
+          message: copy.missingChargeId,
          retryFreshKey: true,
-          title: 'Charge could not be tracked'
+          title: copy.untrackedTitle
        })
        setPhaseState('done')

@@ -251,6 +255,7 @@ export function useChargeFlow() {
      setPhaseState('polling')

      const pollOutcome = await pollChargeSettlement(api, chargeId, {
+        copy,
        portalUrl: chargeResult.data.portal_url
      })

@@ -261,7 +266,7 @@ export function useChargeFlow() {
        void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['billing', 'state'] })
      }
    },
-    [api, queryClient, setPhaseState]
+    [api, queryClient, setPhaseState, copy]
  )

  return { outcome, phase, reset, start }
@@ -271,27 +276,27 @@ function shouldReuseIdempotencyKey(refusal: BillingRefusal): boolean {
  return retryableSendKinds.has(refusal.kind)
 }

-function timeoutOutcome(portalUrl?: null | string): ChargeFlowOutcome {
+function timeoutOutcome(portalUrl?: null | string, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): ChargeFlowOutcome {
  return {
    kind: 'ambiguous',
-    message: 'Charge may still settle. Check the portal before retrying.',
+    message: copy.stillProcessingMessage,
    portalUrl: portalUrl ?? undefined,
-    title: 'Still processing after 5 minutes'
+    title: copy.stillProcessingTitle
  }
 }

-function renderChargeFailed(reason?: null | string): string {
+function renderChargeFailed(reason?: null | string, copy: BillingCopy = DEFAULT_BILLING_COPY): string {
  switch ((reason || '').trim()) {
    case 'authentication_required':
-      return 'Your bank requires verification (3DS). Complete it on the portal to finish this purchase.'
+      return copy.bankVerification

    case 'payment_method_expired':
-      return 'Your card has expired. Update it on the portal.'
+      return copy.cardExpired

    case 'card_declined':
-      return 'Your card was declined. Try another card on the portal.'
+      return copy.cardDeclined

    default:
-      return `The charge didn't go through (${reason || 'processing_error'}).`
+      return copy.chargeFailed(reason || 'processing_error')
  }
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { act, renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { createElement, type PropsWithChildren } from 'react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { I18nProvider } from '@/i18n'
+
 const apiMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
  stepUp: vi.fn()
 }))
@@ -56,7 +58,11 @@ import { useStepUpFlow } from './use-step-up'

 function createWrapper(client: QueryClient) {
  return function wrapper({ children }: PropsWithChildren) {
-    return createElement(QueryClientProvider, { client }, children)
+    return createElement(I18nProvider, {
+      configClient: null,
+      initialLocale: 'en',
+      children: createElement(QueryClientProvider, { client }, children)
+    })
  }
 }

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { $gateway } from '@/store/gateway'

 import { useBillingApi } from './api'
+import { useBillingCopy } from './copy'
 import { resolveRefusal } from './errors'

 export type StepUpPhase = 'idle' | 'verifying' | 'waiting'
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ interface StepUpVerificationPayload {
 }

 export function useStepUpFlow() {
+  const copy = useBillingCopy()
  const api = useBillingApi()
  const gateway = useStore($gateway)
  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ export function useStepUpFlow() {
    unsubscribe()

    if (!result.ok) {
-      const resolved = resolveRefusal(result.refusal)
+      const resolved = resolveRefusal(result.refusal, copy)

      setMessage({
        kind: 'error',
@@ -121,8 +123,8 @@ export function useStepUpFlow() {
    if (!result.data.granted) {
      setMessage({
        kind: 'error',
-        text: 'Verification finished without allowing Remote Spending for this terminal.',
-        title: 'Verification was not approved'
+        text: copy.verificationDeniedMessage,
+        title: copy.verificationDeniedTitle
      })

      return
@@ -134,10 +136,10 @@ export function useStepUpFlow() {
    ])
    setMessage({
      kind: 'success',
-      text: 'Remote Spending is allowed for this terminal.',
-      title: 'Verification complete'
+      text: copy.verificationDoneMessage,
+      title: copy.verificationDoneTitle
    })
-  }, [api, gateway, queryClient, unsubscribe])
+  }, [api, gateway, queryClient, unsubscribe, copy])

  return { dismiss, message, openVerification, phase, start, verification }
 }
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Codicon } from '@/components/ui/codicon'
 import { Command, CommandGroup, CommandItem, CommandList } from '@/components/ui/command'
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
 import { Popover, PopoverAnchor, PopoverContent } from '@/components/ui/popover'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'

 /**
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ export function ComboboxInput({
  placeholder?: string
  className?: string
 }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false)
  const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null)

@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ export function ComboboxInput({
            value={value}
          />
          <button
-            aria-label="Show options"
+            aria-label={t.settings.runtime.showOptions}
            className="absolute inset-y-0 right-1.5 flex items-center text-muted-foreground"
            onClick={() => {
              setOpen(current => !current)
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { cleanup, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { I18nProvider } from '@/i18n/context'
+
+import { ComputerUsePanel } from './computer-use-panel'
+
+const getStatus = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+vi.mock('@/hermes', () => ({
+  getComputerUseStatus: getStatus,
+  getActionStatus: vi.fn(),
+  grantComputerUsePermissions: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  cleanup()
+  vi.clearAllMocks()
+})
+
+describe('Computer Use localized permissions', () => {
+  it('renders macOS permission labels, explanations, and states in Turkish', async () => {
+    getStatus.mockResolvedValue({
+      platform: 'darwin',
+      platform_supported: true,
+      installed: true,
+      can_grant: true,
+      accessibility: true,
+      screen_recording: false,
+      ready: false,
+      checks: []
+    })
+    render(
+      <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="tr">
+        <ComputerUsePanel />
+      </I18nProvider>
+    )
+    expect(await screen.findByText('Erişilebilirlik')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Ekran Kaydı')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText('İzin verildi')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText('İzin verilmedi')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText(/uygulama pencerelerinin ekran görüntüsünü/)).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'İzinleri ver' })).toBeTruthy()
+  })
+
+  it('retains English and represents a ready Windows driver without macOS permission controls', async () => {
+    getStatus.mockResolvedValue({
+      platform: 'win32',
+      platform_supported: true,
+      installed: true,
+      can_grant: false,
+      ready: true,
+      checks: []
+    })
+    render(
+      <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
+        <ComputerUsePanel />
+      </I18nProvider>
+    )
+    expect(await screen.findByText('Driver health')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Ready')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Grant permissions' })).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'

 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import { getActionStatus, getComputerUseStatus, grantComputerUsePermissions } from '@/hermes'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { AlertTriangle, Check, ExternalLink, Loader2, RefreshCw, X } from '@/lib/icons'
 import { upsertDesktopActionTask } from '@/store/activity'
 import { notify, notifyError } from '@/store/notifications'
@@ -17,10 +18,6 @@ interface ComputerUsePanelProps {

 // Per-OS one-liner shown when there's no TCC grant flow (Windows/Linux). macOS
 // drives the permission rows instead, so it has no entry here.
-const PLATFORM_NOTE: Record<string, string> = {
-  linux: 'Drives your desktop via the X11/XWayland accessibility stack — no permission prompt.',
-  win32: 'First run may trigger a Windows SmartScreen prompt for the cua-driver UIAccess worker — allow it.'
-}

 function tone(granted: boolean | null) {
  return granted === true ? 'primary' : 'muted'
@@ -33,6 +30,9 @@ function GrantIcon({ granted }: { granted: boolean | null }) {
 }

 function PermissionRow({ granted, label, hint }: { granted: boolean | null; label: string; hint: string }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.computerUse
+
  return (
    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2 rounded-lg bg-background/55 p-2.5">
      <div className="min-w-0">
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function PermissionRow({ granted, label, hint }: { granted: boolean | null; labe
      </div>
      <Pill tone={tone(granted)}>
        <GrantIcon granted={granted} />
-        {granted === true ? 'Granted' : granted === false ? 'Not granted' : 'Unknown'}
+        {granted === true ? copy.granted : granted === false ? copy.notGranted : copy.unknown}
      </Pill>
    </div>
  )
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ function PermissionRow({ granted, label, hint }: { granted: boolean | null; labe
 * below this card (the generic ToolsetConfigPanel).
 */
 export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.computerUse
  const [status, setStatus] = useState<ComputerUseStatus | null>(null)
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
  const [granting, setGranting] = useState(false)
@@ -70,11 +72,11 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
    try {
      setStatus(await getComputerUseStatus())
    } catch (err) {
-      notifyError(err, 'Could not read Computer Use status')
+      notifyError(err, copy.statusFailed)
    } finally {
      setLoading(false)
    }
-  }, [])
+  }, [copy.statusFailed])

  // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax -- legitimate non-atom ref write (see eslint rule comment)
  useEffect(() => {
@@ -91,15 +93,15 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
      const started = await grantComputerUsePermissions()

      if (!started.ok) {
-        notifyError(new Error('spawn failed'), 'Could not request permissions')
+        notifyError(new Error('spawn failed'), copy.permissionsFailed)

        return
      }

      notify({
        kind: 'info',
-        title: 'Approve in System Settings',
-        message: 'macOS will show a permission dialog attributed to CuaDriver. Approve it, then return here.'
+        title: copy.approveTitle,
+        message: copy.approveBody
      })

      // The driver waits for the user to flip the switch — poll until it exits.
@@ -124,20 +126,20 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
      }
    } catch (err) {
      if (activeRef.current) {
-        notifyError(err, 'Could not request permissions')
+        notifyError(err, copy.permissionsFailed)
      }
    } finally {
      if (activeRef.current) {
        setGranting(false)
      }
    }
-  }, [onConfiguredChange, refresh])
+  }, [onConfiguredChange, refresh, copy])

  if (loading) {
    return (
      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 px-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
        <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" />
-        Checking Computer Use status…
+        {copy.checking}
      </div>
    )
  }
@@ -147,18 +149,14 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
  }

  if (!status.platform_supported) {
-    return (
-      <p className="px-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-        Computer Use isn&apos;t supported on this platform ({status.platform}).
-      </p>
-    )
+    return <p className="px-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{copy.unsupported(status.platform)}</p>
  }

  if (!status.installed) {
    return (
      <p className="px-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-        Install the cua-driver backend below to drive this machine.
-        {status.can_grant && ' Then grant Accessibility and Screen Recording here.'}
+        {copy.install}
+        {status.can_grant && copy.installGrant}
      </p>
    )
  }
@@ -170,40 +168,35 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2 px-1">
        <div className="min-w-0">
          {status.can_grant ? (
-            <p className="text-[0.72rem] text-muted-foreground">
-              Grants attach to CuaDriver&apos;s own identity (com.trycua.driver), not Hermes — so the dialog is
-              attributed to the process that drives your Mac.
-            </p>
+            <p className="text-[0.72rem] text-muted-foreground">{copy.identity}</p>
          ) : (
-            <p className="text-[0.72rem] text-muted-foreground">{PLATFORM_NOTE[status.platform] ?? ''}</p>
+            <p className="text-[0.72rem] text-muted-foreground">
+              {status.platform === 'linux' ? copy.linux : status.platform === 'win32' ? copy.win32 : ''}
+            </p>
          )}
          {status.version && <p className="text-[0.68rem] text-muted-foreground/80">{status.version}</p>}
        </div>
        <Button onClick={() => void refresh()} size="sm" variant="text">
          <RefreshCw className="size-3.5" />
-          Recheck
+          {copy.recheck}
        </Button>
      </div>

      {status.can_grant ? (
        <>
-          <PermissionRow
-            granted={status.accessibility}
-            hint="Lets cua-driver post clicks, keystrokes, and read the accessibility tree."
-            label="Accessibility"
-          />
+          <PermissionRow granted={status.accessibility} hint={copy.accessibilityHint} label={copy.accessibility} />
          <PermissionRow
            granted={status.screen_recording}
-            hint="Lets cua-driver capture screenshots of app windows."
-            label="Screen Recording"
+            hint={copy.screenRecordingHint}
+            label={copy.screenRecording}
          />
        </>
      ) : (
        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2 rounded-lg bg-background/55 p-2.5">
-          <span className="text-sm font-medium">Driver health</span>
+          <span className="text-sm font-medium">{copy.driverHealth}</span>
          <Pill tone={tone(status.ready)}>
            <GrantIcon granted={status.ready} />
-            {status.ready === true ? 'Ready' : status.ready === false ? 'Not ready' : 'Unknown'}
+            {status.ready === true ? copy.ready : status.ready === false ? copy.notReady : copy.unknown}
          </Pill>
        </div>
      )}
@@ -225,13 +218,13 @@ export function ComputerUsePanel({ onConfiguredChange }: ComputerUsePanelProps)
      {status.ready ? (
        <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 px-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
          <Check className="size-3.5" />
-          Computer Use is ready. Ask the agent to capture an app and click around.
+          {copy.readyHint}
        </div>
      ) : (
        status.can_grant && (
          <Button disabled={granting} onClick={() => void grant()} size="sm">
            {granting ? <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" /> : <ExternalLink className="size-3.5" />}
-            {granting ? 'Waiting for approval…' : 'Grant permissions'}
+            {granting ? copy.waiting : copy.grant}
          </Button>
        )
      )}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export function ConfigField({
          {selectOptions.map(option => (
            <SelectItem key={option || EMPTY_SELECT_VALUE} value={option || EMPTY_SELECT_VALUE}>
              {option
-                ? (optionLabels?.[option] ?? prettyName(option))
+                ? (optionLabels?.[option] ?? t.settings.fieldOptions?.[schemaKey]?.[option] ?? prettyName(option))
                : schemaKey === 'display.personality'
                  ? c.none
                  : schemaKey === 'memory.provider'
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 import type { DesktopConnectionsRegistry } from '@/global'
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
  sameBackendPeerLabel,
  sshCompositeKey
 } from './connections-registry'
+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'

 const list = vi.fn()
 const save = vi.fn()
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 import type { EnvVarInfo } from '@/types/hermes'

 import { CONTROL_TEXT } from './constants'
-import { prettyName, withoutKey } from './helpers'
+import { prettyName, providerDescription, withoutKey } from './helpers'
 import { ListRow } from './primitives'
 import type { EnvRowProps } from './types'

@@ -254,9 +254,9 @@ export function CredentialKeyCard({

 /** Provider API key group — collapsible card; description, docs link, and advanced fields expand on click. */
 export function ProviderKeyRows({ expanded, group, onExpand, onToggle, rowProps }: ProviderKeyRowsProps) {
-  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const { t, locale } = useI18n()
  const docsUrl = group.docsUrl?.trim()
-  const description = group.description?.trim()
+  const description = providerDescription(group.name, group.description, locale)
  const expandable = Boolean(description || docsUrl || group.advanced.length > 0)

  return (
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 // Radix Select calls scrollIntoView / pointer-capture APIs jsdom lacks.
 beforeAll(() => {
  Element.prototype.scrollIntoView = vi.fn()
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-import { cleanup, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 const getConnectionConfig = vi.fn()
 const saveConnectionConfig = vi.fn()

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { TR_PROVIDER_DESCRIPTIONS } from '@/i18n/tr-provider-descriptions'
 import { asText, normalize } from '@/lib/text'
 import type { ConfigFieldSchema, HermesConfigRecord, ToolsetInfo } from '@/types/hermes'

@@ -50,6 +51,14 @@ export const providerMeta = (name: string) =>

 export const providerPriority = (name: string) => providerMeta(name)?.priority ?? 99

+export function providerDescription(name: string, description: string | undefined, locale: string): string | undefined {
+  const original = description?.trim()
+
+  return locale === 'tr' && original && original === providerMeta(name)?.description
+    ? (TR_PROVIDER_DESCRIPTIONS[name] ?? original)
+    : original
+}
+
 const POLLUTING_PATH_PARTS = new Set(['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype'])

 function isSafePart(part: string): boolean {
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ const REFUSED_MODEL: LocalCatalogModel = {
 function renderPane() {
  return render(
    <MemoryRouter>
-      <I18nProvider>
+      <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
        <LocalModelsSettings />
      </I18nProvider>
    </MemoryRouter>
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ describe('BrowseSection', () => {

      render(
        <MemoryRouter>
-          <I18nProvider>
+          <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
            <LocalModelsSettings />
          </I18nProvider>
        </MemoryRouter>
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ describe('quickstart completion navigation', () => {

    render(
      <MemoryRouter initialEntries={['/settings']}>
-        <I18nProvider>
+        <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
          <LocalModelsSettings />
        </I18nProvider>
        <Probe />
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'

 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import { getMemoryProviderOAuthStatus, startMemoryProviderOAuth } from '@/hermes'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { Check, ExternalLink, Loader2 } from '@/lib/icons'
 import { notifyError } from '@/store/notifications'
 import type { MemoryProviderOAuthStatus } from '@/types/hermes'
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ const POLL_TIMEOUT_MS = 120_000
 // backend-driven: the status route 404s for providers without an oauth_flow
 // module, so non-OAuth providers render nothing.
 export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provider: string }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.memory
  const [capable, setCapable] = useState<'no' | 'unknown' | 'yes'>('unknown')
  const [connected, setConnected] = useState(false)
  const [auth, setAuth] = useState<MemoryProviderOAuthStatus['auth']>(null)
@@ -75,8 +78,8 @@ export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provide
      await startMemoryProviderOAuth(provider, profile)
    } catch (err) {
      setPhase('error')
-      setDetail('Could not start the connection.')
-      notifyError(err, 'Failed to start connection')
+      setDetail(copy.startFailed)
+      notifyError(err, copy.startFailed)

      return
    }
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provide
            if (Date.now() > deadline.current) {
              stop()
              setPhase('error')
-              setDetail('Timed out — try again.')
+              setDetail(copy.timeout)
            }

            return
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provide

          if (next.state === 'error') {
            setPhase('error')
-            setDetail(next.detail || 'Connection failed.')
+            setDetail(next.detail || copy.connectionFailed)
          } else {
            setPhase('idle')
          }
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provide
        }
      })()
    }, POLL_MS)
-  }, [profile, provider, stop])
+  }, [profile, provider, stop, copy])

  const cancel = useCallback(() => {
    stop()
@@ -124,24 +127,24 @@ export function MemoryConnect({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provide
    return null
  }

-  const connectLabel = connected ? (auth === 'apikey' ? 'Connect via OAuth' : 'Reconnect') : 'Connect'
+  const connectLabel = connected ? (auth === 'apikey' ? copy.connectOauth : copy.reconnect) : copy.connect

  return (
    <span className="inline-flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 text-xs">
      {phase === 'idle' && connected && (
        <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-muted-foreground">
          <Check className="size-3" />
-          {auth === 'apikey' ? 'api key set' : 'oauth set'}
+          {auth === 'apikey' ? copy.apiKeySet : copy.oauthSet}
        </span>
      )}
      {phase === 'pending' ? (
        <>
          <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 text-muted-foreground">
            <Loader2 className="size-3 animate-spin" />
-            Waiting for browser consent…
+            {copy.waiting}
          </span>
          <Button className="h-auto p-0 text-xs" onClick={cancel} size="sm" type="button" variant="link">
-            Cancel
+            {t.common.cancel}
          </Button>
        </>
      ) : (
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@
 import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
 import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
 import { Tip } from '@/components/ui/tooltip'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { Check, Info } from '@/lib/icons'
 import type { MemoryProviderField } from '@/types/hermes'

@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ const FIELD_INPUT = `font-mono ${CONTROL_TEXT} placeholder:text-muted-foreground

 // Field label with an optional info tooltip, shared by the panel and modal rows.
 export function FieldTitle({ field }: { field: MemoryProviderField }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+
  if (!field.info) {
    return <>{field.label}</>
  }
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ export function FieldTitle({ field }: { field: MemoryProviderField }) {
    <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5">
      {field.label}
      <Tip className="max-w-60 font-normal leading-snug whitespace-normal" label={field.info}>
-        <Info aria-label={`About ${field.label}`} className="size-3.5 text-muted-foreground/70" />
+        <Info aria-label={t.settings.runtime.memory.about(field.label)} className="size-3.5 text-muted-foreground/70" />
      </Tip>
    </span>
  )
@@ -41,6 +44,8 @@ export function FieldControl({
  // controls commit on blur. Absent (the modal), edits stay drafts until Save.
  onCommit?: (value: string) => void
 }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+
  const set = (next: string) => {
    onChange(next)
    onCommit?.(next)
@@ -103,14 +108,14 @@ export function FieldControl({
          className={`w-full ${FIELD_INPUT}`}
          onBlur={commitDraft}
          onChange={event => onChange(event.target.value)}
-          placeholder={field.is_set ? 'Leave blank to keep current value' : field.placeholder}
+          placeholder={field.is_set ? t.settings.runtime.memory.keepSecret : field.placeholder}
          type="password"
          value={value}
        />
        {field.is_set && (
          <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 self-start font-mono text-[0.65rem] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">
            <Check className="size-3 text-(--ui-accent-secondary)" />
-            set
+            {t.settings.runtime.memory.set}
          </span>
        )}
      </div>
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 import type { MemoryProviderConfig, MemoryProviderField } from '@/types/hermes'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from '../test-locale'
+
 const saveMemoryProviderConfig = vi.fn()

 vi.mock('@/hermes', () => ({
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import {
  DialogTitle
 } from '@/components/ui/dialog'
 import { saveMemoryProviderConfig } from '@/hermes'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
+import { localizeMemoryField } from '@/i18n/tr-memory-fields'
 import { ExternalLink, Loader2, Save, SlidersHorizontal } from '@/lib/icons'
 import { notify, notifyError } from '@/store/notifications'
 import { $activeGatewayProfile } from '@/store/profile'
@@ -59,6 +61,8 @@ export function ProviderConfigModal({
  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void
  onSaved: () => Promise<void> | void
 }) {
+  const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.memory
  const activeProfile = useStore($activeGatewayProfile)
  const [values, setValues] = useState<Record<string, string>>({})
  const [seeded, setSeeded] = useState<Record<string, string>>({})
@@ -81,11 +85,11 @@ export function ProviderConfigModal({

    try {
      await saveMemoryProviderConfig(provider, edited, profile)
-      notify({ kind: 'success', title: `${config.label} saved`, message: 'Memory provider configuration updated.' })
+      notify({ kind: 'success', title: copy.saved(config.label), message: copy.updated })
      await onSaved()
      onOpenChange(false)
    } catch (err) {
-      notifyError(err, `Failed to save ${config.label} settings`)
+      notifyError(err, copy.saveFailed(config.label))
    } finally {
      setSaving(false)
    }
@@ -95,11 +99,8 @@ export function ProviderConfigModal({
    <Dialog onOpenChange={onOpenChange} open={open}>
      <DialogContent bodyClassName="dt-portal-scrollbar" className="max-w-2xl">
        <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle icon={SlidersHorizontal}>{config.label} — full configuration</DialogTitle>
-          <DialogDescription>
-            Every {config.label} option for the <span className="font-medium">{profile ?? activeProfile}</span> profile.
-            Blank fields fall back to the resolved host or built-in default.
-          </DialogDescription>
+          <DialogTitle icon={SlidersHorizontal}>{copy.fullTitle(config.label)}</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogDescription>{copy.fullDescription(config.label, profile ?? activeProfile)}</DialogDescription>
          {config.docs_url && (
            <a
              className="inline-flex w-fit items-center gap-1 text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-accent-secondary) underline-offset-4 transition-colors hover:underline"
@@ -111,48 +112,50 @@ export function ProviderConfigModal({
              rel="noreferrer"
              target="_blank"
            >
-              {config.label} configuration reference
+              {copy.reference(config.label)}
              <ExternalLink className="size-3" />
            </a>
          )}
        </DialogHeader>

        <div className="min-w-0">
-          {groupFields(config.fields).map(([group, fields]) => (
-            <section className="mt-6 first:mt-2" key={group}>
-              <h3 className="border-b border-(--ui-accent-secondary)/30 pb-1.5 font-mono text-[0.68rem] uppercase tracking-wide text-(--ui-accent-secondary)">
-                {group}
-              </h3>
-              <div className="pl-1">
-                {fields.map(field => (
-                  <div className="border-b border-border/40 last:border-b-0" key={field.key}>
-                    <ListRow
-                      action={
-                        <FieldControl
-                          field={field}
-                          onChange={value => setValues(current => ({ ...current, [field.key]: value }))}
-                          value={values[field.key] ?? ''}
-                        />
-                      }
-                      description={field.description}
-                      title={<FieldTitle field={field} />}
-                    />
-                  </div>
-                ))}
-              </div>
-            </section>
-          ))}
+          {groupFields(config.fields.map(field => localizeMemoryField(config.name, field, locale))).map(
+            ([group, fields]) => (
+              <section className="mt-6 first:mt-2" key={group}>
+                <h3 className="border-b border-(--ui-accent-secondary)/30 pb-1.5 font-mono text-[0.68rem] uppercase tracking-wide text-(--ui-accent-secondary)">
+                  {group === 'Other' ? copy.other : group}
+                </h3>
+                <div className="pl-1">
+                  {fields.map(field => (
+                    <div className="border-b border-border/40 last:border-b-0" key={field.key}>
+                      <ListRow
+                        action={
+                          <FieldControl
+                            field={field}
+                            onChange={value => setValues(current => ({ ...current, [field.key]: value }))}
+                            value={values[field.key] ?? ''}
+                          />
+                        }
+                        description={field.description}
+                        title={<FieldTitle field={field} />}
+                      />
+                    </div>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              </section>
+            )
+          )}
        </div>

        <DialogFooter>
          <DialogClose asChild>
            <Button size="sm" type="button" variant="ghost">
-              Cancel
+              {t.common.cancel}
            </Button>
          </DialogClose>
          <Button disabled={saving} onClick={() => void save()} size="sm">
            {saving ? <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" /> : <Save />}
-            Save changes
+            {copy.saveChanges}
          </Button>
        </DialogFooter>
      </DialogContent>
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render as renderLocale, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { I18nProvider } from '@/i18n'
 import type { MemoryProviderConfig } from '@/types/hermes'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from '../test-locale'
+
 const getMemoryProviderConfig = vi.fn()
 const saveMemoryProviderConfig = vi.fn()

@@ -198,6 +201,24 @@ describe('ProviderConfigPanel', () => {
    expect(await screen.findByDisplayValue('myws')).toBeTruthy()
  })

+  it('renders Turkish field copy and saves the original backend key and value', async () => {
+    const { ProviderConfigPanel } = await import('./provider-config-panel')
+    renderLocale(
+      <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="tr">
+        <ProviderConfigPanel provider="honcho" />
+      </I18nProvider>
+    )
+    expect(await screen.findByText('Çalışma alanı')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(
+      screen.getByText('Honcho çalışma alanı kimliği. Varsayılan olarak profilin ana bilgisayarını kullanır.')
+    ).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByRole('combobox').textContent).toContain('Bulut')
+    const workspace = screen.getByDisplayValue('myws')
+    fireEvent.change(workspace, { target: { value: 'ekibim' } })
+    fireEvent.blur(workspace)
+    await waitFor(() => expect(saveMemoryProviderConfig).toHaveBeenCalledWith('honcho', { workspace: 'ekibim' }))
+  })
+
  it('renders nothing for a provider with no declared config surface', async () => {
    getMemoryProviderConfig.mockResolvedValue({ name: 'builtin', label: 'builtin', docs_url: '', fields: [] })

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { PageLoader } from '@/components/page-loader'
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import { DisclosureCaret } from '@/components/ui/disclosure-caret'
 import { getMemoryProviderConfig, saveMemoryProviderConfig } from '@/hermes'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
+import { localizeMemoryField } from '@/i18n/tr-memory-fields'
 import { SlidersHorizontal } from '@/lib/icons'
 import { notifyError } from '@/store/notifications'
 import type { MemoryProviderConfig, MemoryProviderField } from '@/types/hermes'
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ function seedValues(config: MemoryProviderConfig): Record<string, string> {
 }

 export function ProviderConfigPanel({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; provider: string }) {
+  const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.memory
  const [config, setConfig] = useState<MemoryProviderConfig | null>(null)
  const [loadError, setLoadError] = useState<null | string>(null)
  const [values, setValues] = useState<Record<string, string>>({})
@@ -38,9 +42,9 @@ export function ProviderConfigPanel({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; p
      setLoadError(null)
    } catch (err) {
      setConfig(null)
-      setLoadError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Memory provider settings failed to load')
+      setLoadError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : copy.loadFailed)
    }
-  }, [profile, provider])
+  }, [profile, provider, copy.loadFailed])

  useEffect(() => {
    setConfig(null)
@@ -71,10 +75,10 @@ export function ProviderConfigPanel({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; p
          setSaved(current => ({ ...current, [field.key]: value }))
        }
      } catch (err) {
-        notifyError(err, `Failed to save ${field.label}`)
+        notifyError(err, copy.saveFailed(field.label))
      }
    },
-    [profile, provider, saved]
+    [profile, provider, saved, copy]
  )

  // Providers without a declared config surface (e.g. builtin) render nothing.
@@ -87,20 +91,21 @@ export function ProviderConfigPanel({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; p
      return (
        <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 py-2">
          <span className="text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-muted-foreground">
-            Memory provider settings failed to load: {loadError}
+            {copy.loadFailed}: {loadError}
          </span>
          <Button onClick={() => void refresh()} size="sm" type="button" variant="secondary">
-            Retry
+            {t.common.retry}
          </Button>
        </div>
      )
    }

-    return <PageLoader className="min-h-24" label="Loading memory provider settings..." />
+    return <PageLoader className="min-h-24" label={copy.loading} />
  }

-  const inlineFields = config.fields.filter(field => field.inline)
-  const secretFields = config.fields.filter(field => field.kind === 'secret')
+  const fields = config.fields.map(field => localizeMemoryField(config.name, field, locale))
+  const inlineFields = fields.filter(field => field.inline)
+  const secretFields = fields.filter(field => field.kind === 'secret')
  const hasFullConfig = config.fields.some(field => !field.inline)

  return (
@@ -114,16 +119,16 @@ export function ProviderConfigPanel({ profile, provider }: { profile?: string; p
        >
          <DisclosureCaret open={expanded} />
          <span className="text-[length:var(--conversation-text-font-size)] font-medium text-foreground">
-            {config.label} settings
+            {copy.settings(config.label)}
          </span>
          {secretFields.map(field => (
-            <Pill key={field.key}>{field.is_set ? `${field.label} set` : `${field.label} not set`}</Pill>
+            <Pill key={field.key}>{copy.credentialStatus(field.label, field.is_set)}</Pill>
          ))}
        </button>
        {hasFullConfig && (
          <Button onClick={() => setShowModal(true)} size="sm" type="button" variant="secondary">
            <SlidersHorizontal className="size-3.5" />
-            Full config…
+            {copy.fullConfig}
          </Button>
        )}
      </div>
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router'
 import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 // Radix Select calls scrollIntoView on its items when the content opens; jsdom
 // doesn't implement it (nor hasPointerCapture / releasePointerCapture), so stub
 // them to let the dropdown open in tests.
@@ -394,8 +396,8 @@ describe('ModelSettings', () => {
    fireEvent.click(applyButton)

    // The switch-time notice names the pinned provider and offers a reset.
-    expect(await screen.findByText(/still run on/)).toBeTruthy()
-    expect(screen.getByText('nous')).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(await screen.findByText(/still run on nous/)).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: 'Reset all to main' }).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
  })

  it('shows a persistent banner when a loaded aux slot mismatches the main provider', async () => {
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ interface StaleAuxWarningProps {
 // $0-balance provider after switching main away from it) and offers the
 // existing one-click reset rather than auto-clearing legitimate pins.
 function StaleAuxWarning({ applying, onReset, slots, taskLabel }: StaleAuxWarningProps) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+
  if (!slots.length) {
    return null
  }
@@ -169,11 +171,14 @@ function StaleAuxWarning({ applying, onReset, slots, taskLabel }: StaleAuxWarnin
    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-amber-500/40 bg-amber-500/10 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-amber-200">
      <AlertTriangle className="size-3.5 shrink-0" />
      <span className="grow">
-        {slots.length} auxiliary task{slots.length === 1 ? '' : 's'} ({names}) still run on{' '}
-        <span className="font-mono">{allSameProvider ? provider : 'other providers'}</span>, not your main model.
+        {t.settings.runtime.auxiliaryWarning(
+          slots.length,
+          names,
+          allSameProvider ? provider : t.settings.runtime.otherProviders
+        )}
      </span>
      <Button disabled={applying} onClick={onReset} size="sm" variant="textStrong">
-        Reset all to main
+        {t.settings.model.resetAllToMain}
      </Button>
    </div>
  )
@@ -852,7 +857,9 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
                      void activateApiKeyProvider()
                    }
                  }}
-                  placeholder={`Paste ${selectedProviderRow?.key_env ?? 'API key'}`}
+                  placeholder={t.settings.runtime.pasteProviderKey(
+                    selectedProviderRow?.key_env ?? t.settings.runtime.apiKey
+                  )}
                  type="password"
                  value={apiKeyDraft}
                />
@@ -862,12 +869,12 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
                  size="sm"
                >
                  {activating && <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" />}
-                  {activating ? 'Activating...' : 'Activate'}
+                  {activating ? t.settings.runtime.activatingProvider : t.settings.runtime.activateProvider}
                </Button>
              </>
            ) : (
              <Button onClick={startProviderSetup} size="sm" variant="textStrong">
-                Set up {selectedProviderRow?.name ?? 'provider'}
+                {t.settings.runtime.setupProvider(selectedProviderRow?.name ?? t.settings.runtime.provider)}
              </Button>
            )
          ) : (
@@ -1085,15 +1092,12 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
      </section>
      {moa && currentMoaPreset && (
        <section>
-          <SectionHeading icon={Cpu} title="Mixture of Agents" />
-          <p className="mb-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-            Configure named presets that appear as models under the Mixture of Agents provider. The aggregator is the
-            acting model.
-          </p>
+          <SectionHeading icon={Cpu} title={t.settings.runtime.moa.title} />
+          <p className="mb-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t.settings.runtime.moa.description}</p>
          <div className="mb-2 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
            <Select onValueChange={setSelectedMoaPreset} value={selectedMoaPreset || moa.default_preset}>
              <SelectTrigger className={cn('min-w-40', CONTROL_TEXT)}>
-                <SelectValue placeholder="Preset" />
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t.settings.runtime.moa.preset} />
              </SelectTrigger>
              <SelectContent>
                {Object.keys(moa.presets).map(name => (
@@ -1104,7 +1108,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
              </SelectContent>
            </Select>
            <label className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-sm border border-border px-2 py-1 text-xs">
-              Enabled
+              {t.settings.runtime.moa.enabled}
              <Switch
                checked={currentMoaPreset.enabled !== false}
                disabled={applying}
@@ -1125,7 +1129,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
              size="sm"
              variant="text"
            >
-              Set default
+              {t.settings.runtime.moa.setDefault}
            </Button>
            <Button
              disabled={Object.keys(moa.presets).length <= 1 || applying}
@@ -1151,12 +1155,12 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
              size="sm"
              variant="ghost"
            >
-              Delete
+              {t.common.delete}
            </Button>
            <Input
              className={cn('w-40', CONTROL_TEXT)}
              onChange={event => setNewMoaPresetName(event.target.value)}
-              placeholder="new preset"
+              placeholder={t.settings.runtime.moa.newPreset}
              value={newMoaPresetName}
            />
            <Button
@@ -1179,18 +1183,18 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
              size="sm"
              variant="textStrong"
            >
-              Add preset
+              {t.settings.runtime.moa.addPreset}
            </Button>
          </div>
          <div className="mb-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-            Default: <span className="font-mono">{moa.default_preset}</span>
+            {t.settings.runtime.moa.default} <span className="font-mono">{moa.default_preset}</span>
          </div>
          <div className="grid gap-1">
            {currentMoaPreset.reference_models.map((slot, index) => (
              <ListRow
                action={
                  <Switch
-                    aria-label={`${slot.enabled !== false ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'} reference ${index + 1}`}
+                    aria-label={t.settings.runtime.moa.toggleReference(index + 1, slot.enabled === false)}
                    checked={slot.enabled !== false}
                    disabled={applying}
                    onCheckedChange={checked =>
@@ -1267,7 +1271,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
                      size="sm"
                      variant="ghost"
                    >
-                      Remove
+                      {t.common.remove}
                    </Button>
                  </div>
                }
@@ -1278,7 +1282,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
                  </span>
                }
                key={`${selectedMoaPreset}-${index}`}
-                title={`Reference ${index + 1}`}
+                title={t.settings.runtime.moa.reference(index + 1)}
              />
            ))}
            <Button
@@ -1292,7 +1296,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
              size="sm"
              variant="textStrong"
            >
-              Add reference model
+              {t.settings.runtime.moa.addReference}
            </Button>
            <ListRow
              below={
@@ -1354,7 +1358,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged, scopeProfile }: ModelSetting
                  {currentMoaPreset.aggregator.provider} · {currentMoaPreset.aggregator.model}
                </span>
              }
-              title="Aggregator"
+              title={t.settings.runtime.moa.aggregator}
            />
          </div>
        </section>
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 const { requestGateway, getProfiles } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
  requestGateway: vi.fn(),
  getProfiles: vi.fn<() => Promise<{ profiles: { name: string; is_default: boolean }[] }>>(async () => ({
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { Tip } from '@/components/ui/tooltip'
 import { $pluginRecords, type PluginRecord, setPluginEnabled } from '@/contrib/plugins-store'
 import { discoverRuntimePlugins } from '@/contrib/runtime-loader'
 import { getProfiles } from '@/hermes'
-import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
+import { translateNow, type Translations, useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { triggerHaptic } from '@/lib/haptics'
 import { FolderOpen, Monitor, Package, RefreshCw } from '@/lib/icons'
 import { normalize } from '@/lib/text'
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ function reveal(file: string) {
  void window.hermesDesktop?.revealPath?.(file)?.catch(() => undefined)
 }

+const pluginText = (key: keyof Translations['settings']['runtime']['plugins']) =>
+  translateNow(`settings.runtime.plugins.${key}`)
+
 async function revealPluginsDir() {
  try {
    // Electron owns the local plugin root — deriving it from the backend's
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ async function revealPluginsDir() {
    const dir = await window.hermesDesktop?.desktopPluginsRoot?.()

    if (!dir) {
-      notifyError('Desktop plugins are unavailable', 'Could not resolve the plugins folder')
+      notifyError(pluginText('unavailable'), pluginText('resolveFailed'))

      return
    }
@@ -65,10 +68,10 @@ async function revealPluginsDir() {
    const result = await window.hermesDesktop?.openDir?.(dir)

    if (result && !result.ok) {
-      notifyError(result.error ?? 'unknown error', 'Could not open the plugins folder')
+      notifyError(result.error ?? pluginText('unknownError'), pluginText('openFailed'))
    }
  } catch (err) {
-    notifyError(err, 'Could not resolve the plugins folder')
+    notifyError(err, pluginText('resolveFailed'))
  }
 }

@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ async function revealAgentPluginsDir(request: GatewayRequest) {
    const home = (result?.home ?? '').trim()

    if (!home) {
-      notifyError('The backend did not report its home directory', 'Could not open the plugins folder')
+      notifyError(pluginText('noHome'), pluginText('openFailed'))

      return
    }
@@ -90,10 +93,10 @@ async function revealAgentPluginsDir(request: GatewayRequest) {
    const opened = await window.hermesDesktop?.openDir?.(`${home}/plugins`)

    if (opened && !opened.ok) {
-      notifyError(opened.error ?? 'unknown error', 'Could not open the plugins folder')
+      notifyError(opened.error ?? pluginText('unknownError'), pluginText('openFailed'))
    }
  } catch (err) {
-    notifyError(err, 'Could not open the plugins folder')
+    notifyError(err, pluginText('openFailed'))
  }
 }

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'

 import { ListRow } from '@/app/settings/primitives'
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { $poolLimits, loadPoolLimits, savePoolLimits } from '@/store/pool-limits'

 // Bounds imported from main's clamp module so the advertised input ranges
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ const IDLE_MS_MAX = POOL_LIMITS_BOUNDS.idleMsMax
 *  Device-local (not profile-scoped): the pool is sized once per machine and
 *  changes apply live — main evicts/reaps to converge without a restart. */
 export function PoolLimitsSetting() {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const copy = t.settings.runtime.pool
  const limits = useStore($poolLimits)
  const [maxDraft, setMaxDraft] = useState(String(limits.maxBackends))
  const [idleDraft, setIdleDraft] = useState(String(limits.idleMs))
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ export function PoolLimitsSetting() {
        action={
          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
            <Input
-              aria-label="Warm bot backends"
+              aria-label={copy.warm}
              className="w-20"
              inputMode="numeric"
              max={MAX_BACKENDS_MAX}
@@ -80,14 +83,14 @@ export function PoolLimitsSetting() {
            />
          </div>
        }
-        description="How many bot backends stay running for instant switching. Higher = faster switches, more memory (~60MB per backend). Applies immediately."
-        title="Warm Bot Backends"
+        description={copy.warmHint}
+        title={copy.warm}
      />
      <ListRow
        action={
          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
            <Input
-              aria-label="Backend idle timeout in milliseconds"
+              aria-label={copy.idleAria}
              className="w-28"
              inputMode="numeric"
              max={IDLE_MS_MAX}
@@ -105,8 +108,8 @@ export function PoolLimitsSetting() {
            <span className="text-[length:var(--conversation-caption-font-size)] text-(--ui-text-tertiary)">ms</span>
          </div>
        }
-        description="How long an unused bot backend stays warm before it is shut down. Raise this so bots you revisit every few minutes never pay a cold start."
-        title="Backend Idle Timeout"
+        description={copy.idleHint}
+        title={copy.idle}
      />
    </>
  )
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { atom } from 'nanostores'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import { ConfirmHost } from '@/components/confirm-host'
 import { $confirmRequest } from '@/store/confirm'
 import type { EnvVarInfo, OAuthProvider } from '@/types/hermes'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 const listOAuthProviders = vi.fn()
 const disconnectOAuthProvider = vi.fn()
 const getEnvVars = vi.fn()
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import type { EnvVarInfo, OAuthProvider } from '@/types/hermes'
 import { isKeyVar, ProviderKeyRows } from './credential-key-ui'
 import { CustomEndpointsSettings } from './custom-endpoints-settings'
 import { SettingsCategoryHeading, useEnvCredentials } from './env-credentials'
-import { providerGroup, providerMeta, providerPriority } from './helpers'
+import { providerDescription, providerGroup, providerMeta, providerPriority } from './helpers'
 import { LocalModelsSettings } from './local-models-settings'
 import { SettingsContent, SettingsSkeleton } from './primitives'

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ export function ProvidersSettings({
  onViewChange,
  view
 }: ProvidersSettingsProps) {
-  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const { t, locale } = useI18n()
  const { rowProps, vars } = useEnvCredentials()
  const [oauthProviders, setOauthProviders] = useState<OAuthProvider[]>([])
  const [openProvider, setOpenProvider] = useState<null | string>(null)
@@ -466,9 +466,15 @@ export function ProvidersSettings({

    const visibleGroups = q
      ? keyGroups.filter(group => {
-          const haystack = [group.name, group.description ?? '', group.primary[0], ...group.advanced.map(([k]) => k)]
+          const haystack = [
+            group.name,
+            providerDescription(group.name, group.description, locale) ?? '',
+            group.description ?? '',
+            group.primary[0],
+            ...group.advanced.map(([k]) => k)
+          ]

-          return haystack.some(s => s.toLowerCase().includes(q))
+          return haystack.some(s => normalize(s).includes(q))
        })
      : keyGroups

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 import { stubResizeObserver } from '@/test/jsdom'
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { ConfigFieldSchema } from '@/types/hermes'

 import { ConfigField } from './config-field'
 import { rankSearchOption, SearchableSelect } from './searchable-select'
+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'

 beforeAll(() => {
  stubResizeObserver()
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Codicon } from '@/components/ui/codicon'
 import { Command, CommandEmpty, CommandGroup, CommandInput, CommandItem, CommandList } from '@/components/ui/command'
 import { controlVariants } from '@/components/ui/control'
 import { Popover, PopoverContent, PopoverTrigger } from '@/components/ui/popover'
+import { useI18n } from '@/i18n'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'

 /**
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ export function SearchableSelect({
  value,
  onChange,
  options,
-  placeholder = 'Search…',
-  emptyMessage = 'No results found.',
+  placeholder,
+  emptyMessage,
  clearLabel
 }: {
  value: string
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ export function SearchableSelect({
   *  Matches the existing <Select> pattern of EMPTY_SELECT_VALUE + "(none)". */
  clearLabel?: string
 }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n()
+  const searchPlaceholder = placeholder ?? t.settings.runtime.search
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false)
  const triggerRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null)

@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ export function SearchableSelect({
    [onChange]
  )

-  const displayValue = value !== '' && value !== undefined ? value : placeholder
+  const displayValue = value !== '' && value !== undefined ? value : searchPlaceholder

  return (
    <Popover onOpenChange={setOpen} open={open}>
@@ -90,9 +93,9 @@ export function SearchableSelect({
      </PopoverTrigger>
      <PopoverContent align="start" className="w-[var(--radix-popover-trigger-width)] p-0">
        <Command filter={rankSearchOption}>
-          <CommandInput autoFocus placeholder={placeholder} />
+          <CommandInput autoFocus placeholder={searchPlaceholder} />
          <CommandList>
-            <CommandEmpty>{emptyMessage}</CommandEmpty>
+            <CommandEmpty>{emptyMessage ?? t.settings.runtime.noResults}</CommandEmpty>
            <CommandGroup>
              {clearLabel && (
                <CommandItem onSelect={() => handleSelect('')} value={clearLabel}>
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 import type { TerminalBackendsResponse } from '@/types/hermes'

+import { renderWithEnglish as render } from './test-locale'
+
 const getTerminalBackends = vi.fn()
 const selectTerminalBackend = vi.fn()

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { type RenderOptions, render as renderUi } from '@testing-library/react'
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react'
+
+import { I18nProvider } from '@/i18n/context'
+
+/** Component behavior fixtures use English explicitly; application-default
+ * and Turkish rendering are verified by the locale integration tests. */
+export function renderWithEnglish(ui: ReactNode, options?: RenderOptions) {
+  return renderUi(ui, {
+    wrapper: ({ children }) => (
+      <I18nProvider configClient={null} initialLocale="en">
+        {children}
+      </I18nProvider>
+    ),
+    ...options
+  })
+}
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { cleanup, fireEvent, render as rtlRender, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import type { ReactElement } from 'react'
 import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router'
 import type * as ReactRouterDom from 'react-router'
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'

 import type { ToolsetConfig } from '@/types/hermes'

+import { renderWithEnglish as rtlRender } from './test-locale'
+
 // EnvVarField navigates to Settings → Keys via useNavigate, so every render
 // needs a router context. The navigate spy asserts the deep-link target.
 const navigateSpy = vi.fn()