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optional-skills/creative/creative-ideation/references/methods/oulipo.md

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+# OuLiPo
+
+*Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle*, founded 1960 by Raymond Queneau and François Le Lionnais. Members: Perec, Calvino, Roubaud, Mathews, Garréta. "Rats who construct the labyrinth from which they plan to escape" (Queneau). Constraint as generative engine.
+
+## When to use
+
+- Writing — fiction, poetry, copy, lyrics, anything text
+- Writing feels samey; constraint suppresses your default sentence shape
+- Generating titles, names, taglines (short forms benefit most)
+- Software constraint by analogy (code golf, no-dependency, single-file)
+
+## Don't use when
+
+- You want the prose invisible (constraints are usually visible in the result)
+- Blocked because you don't know what to say (constraint gives you *how*, not *what*)
+- The constraint will compensate for not having a subject (Perec's *La Disparition* works because the missing E is the subject)
+
+## The constraints
+
+### Lipogram
+Exclude one or more letters. Perec's *La Disparition* (1969): 300 pages without E. The previous sentence is a lipogram in B, F, J, K, Q, V, Y, Z.
+
+### Univocalism
+Only one vowel letter. (Letter, not phoneme — "born" and "cot" both qualify in English.)
+
+### Snowball / Rhopalism
+Each line one word; each word one letter longer than the previous.
+
+### S+7 (or N+7)
+Replace every noun with the 7th noun after it in a dictionary. "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago..." → "Call me Ishmael. Some yes-men ago..."
+
+Generalizes: V+7, Adj+7, N+k for any k.
+
+### Stile
+Each new sentence stems from the last word/phrase of the previous: "I descend the long ladder brings me to the ground floor is spacious..."
+
+### Palindrome
+Sonnets, paragraphs, or longer constructed palindromically. Perec wrote a 5,566-letter palindrome.
+
+### Prisoner's constraint (Macao)
+Lipogram excluding letters with ascenders or descenders (b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, p, q, t, y).
+
+### Pilish
+Word lengths follow the digits of π: "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics."
+
+### Sonnet machine (Queneau)
+Fixed structure with interchangeable line-strips. Queneau's *Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes* (1961): 10 sonnets cut into 14 strips each → 10^14 combinations.
+
+### Antonymy
+Replace each word with its antonym. Reveals what the text is *about* by what it would mean if reversed.
+
+## Procedure
+
+### For openings
+1. Pick a constraint that fits your domain.
+2. Write 200 words under it.
+3. Note what the constraint forced you to say.
+4. Decide: keep the constraint for the whole piece, or use the opening then unconstrain.
+
+### For unblocking
+Apply S+7 to the stuck paragraph. The dislocation surfaces what the original was about.
+
+### Software analogues
+- Lipogram → no `e` in identifiers
+- N+7 → replace each function with the 7th in a library; describe what the result does
+- Snowball → each commit one line longer
+- Univocalism → variable names use one vowel
+- Pilish → comment word counts follow π
+
+## Anti-slop notes
+
+- Constrained-without-subject = exercise, not work. *La Disparition* works because the missing E *is* the subject.
+- Apply strictly. Half-constrained is worse than unconstrained.
+- Don't fake "Calvino-style" surface qualities. Use the actual constraints.
+- Acrostics are not OuLiPo (centuries older). Use a real constraint or call an acrostic an acrostic.